This is a very important question to consider

This is a very important question to consider in which we need to understand the nature of the issue to decide on the proper approach. In the same way the medium or the place has to be considered. For example is the report to be written to capture feedback and issues within a corporate context, an educational context or is it to be written to measure the impact of some products in an educational context. Definition of Case Study in an Industry ReportThere are times when it is necessary to define a case study so as to understand the application and follow up activities. In such instances the essence of the case study is subject to different attitudes and opinions in many circles. What makes a case study significant in some situations is the diverse interpretations that exist in different discussions, therefore it is required to define the case study in order to understand the real life application and the market environment.For purposes of discussion it is a term definition of a proce ss to gain expertise or to help other to gain expertise. If we understand this definition we can analyze the matter better and move on the application and subsequent report.This main definition is available in the template available on this website that is offering free consultation and free practice in the aspect of defining the case study. The main point of this template is to answer the vital questions as follows -Why you want to define case studyIf you are defining a case study to answer an unrelated question, you can make sure that the answer to your question is relevant to the definition, otherwise the definition will be more like a distraction. There is an important difference between defining the case study to serve the purpose and a solution that is more focused and useful.Determine whether your topic requires a case study to decide the right course of action. This is normally found to be the case with context-based reports or corporate reports.

Business Strategy Definition - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4373 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? According to Johnson scholes (2005, Page 9) strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long period, ideally which seeks to match its resources to its changing environment and in particular its markets, customers or clients so as to meet stakeholders expectations. Strategy is viewed as a link between the firm and its environment (Grant, 2008). For a strategy to be successful it should be in harmony with the firms internal environment such as goals, values, resources, capabilities and systems, and the external environment in which it operates. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Strategy Definition" essay for you Create order Developing effective strategies cannot take place without firstly (Vignali et al, 2003) analysing the external environment in which the company operates. Vignali Vrontis, (2004) further suggested that environmental scanning of both the external and internal environment is necessary to formulate the strategy to reach their objectives. For an organisation it is important to analyse the macro environment which comprises of political, social, technological and economical issues; industry experts use PESTLE to analyse this macro environment. PESTLE is a tool used to analyse the external business macro environment in identifying how future trends might impact on organisations within an industry. Macro environment factors will impact to a greater or lesser extent on all companies in the business environment (Johnson Scholes, 2008). Pestle stands for Political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental. Political- legal, factors include antitrust regulations, envi ronmental protection laws, tax laws, foreign trade regulations, stability of government, European issues ;Economical factors such as GDP trends, interest rates, money supply, inflation rates, unemployment levels, exchange rates, foreign trade regulations; Sociocultural- lifestyle changes, consumer activism, career expectations, demographics; Technological changes such as New products, internet, telecom, networking. An example of PESTLE ANALYSIS for Airline Industry The political factors such as government support for national carriers, security control, restrictions on migrations will have a major impact on the industry. Economic factors such as national growth rates, fuel prices, recession, employment affects the airlines business. Social factors such as consumer spending, international holidays and International student exchange programmes, Olympics directly increase the sales of the business where as in technological factors such as fuel efficient engines, security check ma chines, online ticketing systems and environmental issues such as noise pollution, carbon emission regulations changes in any of the above factors will have a impact on the airlines industry. According to (Johnson Scholes, 2008) it is very important to find the key drivers for change rather than overwhelming on all the details of the environment factors, as the key drivers may vary within industries. The external forces impact the immediate environment (Johnson et al, 2005) creating competitive forces on the organisation in the industry. It is very important for managers to be aware of the companys environmental factors, competitive forces in the industry, which showcase the attractiveness of the industry and the success or failure of a particular company (Mintzberg et al, 1998). These environmental factors can be categorised either as opportunities or threat and are included in the strategic formulation. Porters five forces: Porters five forces model provides a useful basis to examine the extent of competition in an industry. Attractiveness of an industry with competitive forces can be identified with the help of five forces framework. The profit potential of an industry can be determined by collective strength of the five forces (Mintz berg et al). The five forces are: threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers and rivalry among existing firms. Customers, suppliers, substitutes, and potential entrants are all competitors to firms in the industry (Porter, 2004, 2008). If all these forces are strong, the more limited is the ability of established companies to raise prices and earn greater profits (Wheelen Hunger, 2002; Hagen, 2010). A company can earn greater profits if there is a low competition force in the industry and a high competitive force can be viewed as threat since it may reduce profits. Many authors Johnson et al, 2008; Mintzberg et al,1998 ;Wheelen Hunger, 2002 ; Thompson Martin 2005;Grant, 2008 have used the porter five forces frame work in the academic texts. Threat of new entrants: New entrants bring new capacity; desire to gain market share and substantial resources (Mintzberg et al, 1998). The threat of entry depends on the height of barriers (Porter, 2004) and the reaction from existing competitors. Some of the entry barriers are Economies of scale: Economies of scale prevent the entry by forcing the potential competitor to come in on a large scale or to accept cost disadvantage. As the existing firms gain economies of scale through mass production and standard products from the suppliers there by enjoying lower cost per unit. Product differentiation: Existing firms have a brand differentiation and customer loyalty which has achieved by creating value to the customer, Differentiation creates a barrier to entry as the potential competitors needs to spend heavily to gain the market. Capital requirements: Capital requirements create a barrier to potential competitors as they need to invest huge amount, although it creates a barrier, if the returns are attractive then the potential competitors may enter the industry. Cost disadvantages independent of size: established companies enjoy cost advantage, which is not available to the potential competitor, as the existing firms have proprietary technology, availability of best raw materials, proprietary product knowledge Access to distribution channels will deter the entry of potential competitors and even the government regulations which prevents or limit entry into certain industries by restricting access to raw materials. Rivalry among existing firms: Rivalry among existing competitors takes place to gain market share from each other in the industry. The intensity of rivalry depends on several factors such as Number of competitors: if the competitors are equal in size there would be high rivalry as all the competitors try to gain dominance in the industry. Rate of industry growth: slow growth leads to price wars to gain market share. Height of exit barriers: its the opposite side of entry, as the firms investments in specialised assets, or managements loyalty (Porter, cited in Mintzberg et al,1998) huge amount in a particular business, keeps companies in market even though if they are running in loss or earning low returns. Bargaining power of buyers: Buyers may be the end consumer. Buyers compete within the industry by reducing the price and demanding for higher quality of products and services and playing competitors against each other. A buyers group may be powerful if the following factors hold true. Switching cost locks the buyer to particular sellers; on the other hand the buyers power will be improved if the seller faces switching cost and it earns low profits, thereby creating great incentive to lower purchasing cost. Buyers can threaten to enter the industry partially and pose a credible threat of backward integration and bargain to bring the prices down. Bargaining power of suppliers: The organisations that produce inputs such as material and labour in to the industry are called suppliers, these suppliers can affect the industry as they have the capability to increase the price or reduce the quality of the goods and services. The supplier group will be more powerful if they have few substitutes in the industry and if the product is functional. A supplier group will be more powerful if they are dominated by a few companies. Firms may pursue a backward integration strategy to gain control of suppliers, but this strategy will be effective when the suppliers are not reliable and charging high prices or not meeting the deadlines. Pressure from substitutes: It is the competition stirred from products outside the industry. According to Porter (2004), substitutes are the products that can serve the same purpose and depends on the willingness of the buyer. They have a tendency to attract a considerable proportion of the market volume and decrease the probable sales volume of the existing players. Also Porter (2004), states that, the price elasticity of a product is affected by substitute products if there are more number of substitutes available, the demand is more elastic since customers have more choices. Limitations: Porters five forces model is a strategic tool that is utilised to identify if a new business, product or service has the potential to be profitable. However, it is important to understand that this model has further limitations in current market environment, since it visualizes somewhat still market structure. Porters model is formerly based on the economic situation in the 80s with tough competition and comparative ly stable market structure; it is not able to consider the new business models and viability of the industries like dynamic market entrants and technological innovations which will entirely alter the business models within a small time. For example, computer and software industry is considered highly competitive. However, Five Forces Model is of limited value as it represents nothing more then the snapshots of moving pictures, since the structure of the industry is persistently transformed by innovation. Therefore, as stated by Kippenberger (1998) and Haberberg Rieple (2001), it is not prudent to develop strategy only on the basis of Porters Five Forces Model and should also be examined in addition to other strategic frameworks of SWOT and PEST analysis. Moreover, many academics and strategist have repeatedly challenged Porters framework. According to Coyne Subramaniam (1996), there are three ambiguous assumptions that underlie the five forces: That buyers, competitors suppliers are unrelated and do not interact and collude. That the source of value is structural advantage (creating barriers to entry). That uncertainty is low, allowing participants in a market to plan for and respond to competitive behaviour. In mid 1990s an important extension to the Porters Model was found with the help of the Game Theory (Brandenburger Nalebuff, 1995). The concept of Complementors also referred to as the 6th force was added, which helped in explaining the reasons behind strategic alliances. For example tourism industry and the airline industry are complementary industries. Also it is perhaps not reasonable to assess the attractiveness of an industry autonomous of the resources a company brings to that industry. Therefore to develop a more sound strategy for a firm a Resource Based View (RBV) should be used together with this theory (Wernerfelt, (1984); Rumelt, (1984)). The model should be adopted with the knowledge of its limitations and their use as a part of a bigger framework of management tools, techniques and theories. The five forces determine industry profitability as they influence cost, prices, and investments of firms in an industry and the elements of return on investment (porter, 1 990), even though it is criticised but it is still one of the widely accepted model to analyse the competitive forces. After identifying the forces affecting competition and their causes in the industry, the firm will be in a position to identify its strength and weakness relative to that industry. Resource based view (RBV): Resource Based View (RBV) is an economic tool utilized to identify a firms potential key resources. It is more frequently linked with the work of Prahalad Hamel (1990); Rumelt (1991); Grant (1991) and Peteraf (1993). It has an inside-out approach since it deals with the competitive environment facing the organization. Therefore, its beginning point is an organizations internal environment. According to Draft (1983) cited in Barney (1991, p. 101), firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc; controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness. According to Mahoney Pandian (1992); Hooley Greenley (2005) and Smith Rupp (2002), RBV of a firm describe its capability to delivering sustainable competitive advantage while the resources are managed in way that the end product cannot be replicated the competitors, hence creating a comp etitive barrier. Barney (2001), states that RBV explains that a firms sustainable competitive advantage is reached by virtue of unique resources, while these resources have the characteristics of being rare, valuable, inimitable, non-tradable, non-substitutable as well as firm specific. According to Prahalad Hamel(1990) cited in Thomspon Martin, Once the core competenecies are developed in the organisations they should be exploited and these core competencies should be flexible and responsive to the changing customer demands in market. The limitation of the resource based view is that it says very little on how resource can develop or change over time (Henry, 2008). The self-motivated role played by individuals within organisations is often assumed to be obvious and therefore rarely addressed. According to Priem Butler (2001), resource based view of strategy lacks details and hence is difficult for organisations to put into practice. Value chain analysis: The concept of value chain was developed in 1980 by Michael Porter, also known as value chain analysis. Value Chain helps in analysing specific activities so that a firm can create value and competitive advantage. Its a chain of activities for a firm operating in a particular industry. Every organisation has certain activities that link together to increase value of the business and these activities form the organisations value chain. According to Lynch (2003), these activities may include purchasing, manufacturing of products and distribution marketing of the organisations products and services. The competitive advantage in value chain is obtained from two sources: (i) differentiation advantage: customer perceives more value from the firms product, and (ii) low cost advantage: a firm provides the product or service at a lower cost than the average market cost. According to Svensson (2003), the value for the final customer is the value only in its theoretical context and not pr actical terms, which is a limitation of the model. The true value of the product is measured only when it reaches the final customer. Many academics and researchers have questioned the model and its applicability in context of the service industry. Generic strategies: TARGETING AND POSITIONING Positioning determines the profitability of firm in the industry. A firm that positions well in the industry may earn high rates of returns even though if the industry structure is unfavourable (porter, 2004 Pg. 11). Michael porter proposes 2 generic competitive strategies for outperforming other corporations in a particular industry: lower cost and differentiation (Wheelen Hunger, 2002) These competitive advantages combined with scope of activities, for which the firm seeks to achieve them lead to three generic strategies for by performing above there average in an industry: cost leadership, differentiation and focus (porter, 1990) Lower cost and differentiation strategies seek broad mass market while focus strategies aim at niche (narrow) market. The diagram below represents the porters generic strategies Cost leadership and differentiation strategies seek competitive advantage in a broad range of industry segments while focus strategies aim at cost advantage in the nar row segment. The focus has two variants, cost focus and differentiation focus. Cost leadership: This strategy focuses mainly on gaining competitive advantage by having the lowest cost in the industry (Porter, 2004), Mintzberg et al, 1998; Johnson et al 2008). According to (Malburg, 2000) to achieve the low cost benefit, the firm should have low cost leadership, low cost manufacturing and low work force strategies but (Hyatt, 2001) states the firms should have a large market share to gain the cost advantage, contrary to this Malburg (2001), Davidson, (2001) state that the cost leadership can be achieved by mass production, economies of scale, product design, R D, access to raw materials, proprietary technology, mass distribution. Having a low cost position yields the company above average returns even if they have strong competitive advantage. But according to porter (1985), only one firm in the industry can have the advantage of cost leader but Malburg (2000) stated that competitors fight through low cost leadership roles. Since low cost leadership firms have bigger market sh are, they will have high bargaining power with suppliers and enjoy above average on investments( Wheelen Hunger,2002) contrary to this( Cross, 1999) states cost leadership have certain disadvantages, as they create little loyalty to the customers and if the firm reduces the prices it may loose profits. Differentiation: The second generic strategy, companies using this strategy focus to be unique in the industry by offering products or services which are highly valued by buyers (Porter, 2004; cross, 1991; Hyatt, 2001). Differentiation is done by tailoring the customer needs and charging a premium for the customisation in the market. Differentiation strategy is more likely to generate revenue higher profits than low cost strategy as it creates a defensible position (Porter, 2004. pg .37) for coping with five forces. The customer loyalty and need for uniqueness creates a barrier of entry for potential competitor (Wheelen Hunger, 2002, Porter, 2004).According to (Mc Cracken, 2002) the key step in developing a differentiation strategy is to find how the company is different from the competitors. Mc Cracken Davidson suggested that the differentiation can be the market sector, quality of work, product, delivery system and the marketing approach and to be effective the message of differentiation sho uld reach the end users. (Hyatt, 2001) says that firms must add a premium to the cost when using differentiation strategy however Hlavacka et al (2001) argued that cost and prices are not considered as the main focus but on the other hand Cross (1999) stated that since customers are loyal to the company and are willing to pay the higher price for its product. Focus: According to Porter; Davidson, (2001); Cross, (1991), the firms which follow this strategy target a specific segment of the market, this strategy is completely different from the others as it relies on narrow competitive scope in an industry (porter), the company can focus on a selected group of customers, geographical area, product range, focus strategies are effective when consumers have preferences and if the niche market is not recognised by rival firms. The focus strategy has two variants. Cost focus: Firms seeks cost advantage in the target market segment. Cost focus is a low cost competitive strategy and exploits cost behaviour differences in some segments. In using this strategy the company seeks a cost advantage in its target segment. Differentiation focus: Firms seek differentiation in its target market. Differentiation exploits needs of buyers. According to Wheelen Hunger (2002) there are various risks involved in implementing competitive strategies, none of the strategy guarantees to achieve success and some companies implemented porters strategy and failed to sustain the strategy. Some companies that try to attempt cost leadership and differentiation is stuck in the middle (porter). Helms et al, 1997 says that there is much debate on using two generic strategies at the same time. But according to Porter differentiation and cost leadership are mutually exclusive (Porter), on the other hand Helms et al (1997) found companies that used combination strategies have higher returns on investments. Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff product/market growth matrix Ansoff, (1988), cited in Johnson et al(2008), provides four alternative directions for strategic development, according to this model the firm can decide their strategy depending on the resources. This matrix helps the firm to determine the growth strategies of the firms. Market penetration: The strategy of increasing the sales in the current market with the existing products. They spend heavy budgets on advertising to create customer satisfaction and to attract the customers from the competitors, there by creating a high competition. Product development is the strategy of increasing sales with the development of current product or by developing new product. Developing a new product in the current market needs lot of innovation as they should match the customer taste. Market development is the strategy of increasing sales of the existing products in a new market attracting new customers, moving to new geographical area, new segments. Diversification takes the firm completely away from the existing market and the existing products. Diversification takes place when new products are developed and sold in new markets. Diversification allows the firms to spread the risks in a wide array of markets. Swot Analysis: Swot is an acronym of strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. Scanning of external environment STEP, Porters five forces, for opportunities and threats and internal environment such as resources, capabilities, financial, marketing, value chain, technology for strengths and weakness is an important part in developing strategic planning. According to Vrontis, (1999), it is very important if the companies want to capitalise on their strengths and minimise weakness, exploit market opportunities as they arise and avoid threats. SWOT gives us the key issues that may impact on strategy development (Johnson et al, 2008). It can also be used to convert weakness into threats and threats into opportunities. RYAN AIRWAYS AND BRITISH AIRWAYS They would like to understand the underpinning logic of the strategy choices/generic strategies available to them and you have asked you to provide some detailed illustrations from the airline industry. The product/service differentiation visions and strategies of SIA, BA and UAL, as they prepare for the new millennium, provide interesting contrast and comparison insights and lessons on product/service differentiation for the industry as a whole SIA is strategically positioned in the premium service, quality and value market segment of the international airline industry. Service is the raison de tre of SIA, and at the heart of its service reputation is the Singapore Girl. Since the late 1980s, SIA has always held the view that: The airline industry is, by its very nature, a service industry. In a free market, the success or failure of an individual airline is largely dictated by the quality of the service it provides (Harvard Business School, 1989). https://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/2610310604.html#2610310604001.png References Porter, M. E., (2004), The global competitiveness report 2004-2005, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Brandenburger, A.M. and Nalebuff, B.J. (1995), The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, Jul-Aug, pp.57-71 Coyne, K.P. and Subramaniam, S. (1996), Bringing discipline to strategy, The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4 Haberberg, A. and Rieple, A., (2001), The Strategic Management of Organizations, Essex: Pearson Education. Kippenberger, T., (1998). Strategy according to Michael Porter, The Antidote, Vol. 3 No.6, pp. 24-25. Wernerfelt, B., (1984). The Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal; Vol.5 No.2, pp. 171-180. Rumelt, D.P., (1984), Towards a Strategic Theory of the Firm, Alternative theories of the firm, International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, vol. 154. Cheltenham, U.K and Northampton. Wheelen, T.l Hungher,J.D.,(2002) Strategic management and Business policy, 8thed. New Jersey: Pearson educati on. Grant, R.M, (2008) Contemporary strategy analysis. 6th ed.Oxford: Blackwell publishing Porter,M.E, (2004). Competitive strategy. Edition 2004: First free press. Johnson.G, Scholes.K, Whittington.R, (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy Text and Cases. Edition 8.Essex: Financial times prentice hall Pearson education. Johnson,G, Scholes,K, Whittington.R, (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy Text and Cases. 7th ed.Essex:Financial times prentice hall Pearson education. Mintzberg,H. Quinn,J.B. Ghosal,Sumantra. (1998).The strategy process,revised edition. Prentice hall Europe: Pearson education. Porter,M.E. (2004).Competitive advantage.Edition 2004. First free press. Watts,G. Cope. J Hulme.M (1998). Ansoffs matrix, pain and growth strategies and adaptive learning among small food. International journal of Entrepreneurial behaviour and research, vol.4.No.2, pp 101-111. Davidson, S. (2001). Seizing the competitive advantage. Community Banker, Vol. 10 No. 8, pp.32 -4. Cross, L. (1999). Strategy drives marketing success. Graphic Arts Monthly, Vol. 71 No. 2, p. 96. McCracken, L. (2002). Differentiation: win new business with less effort, Principals Report, Vol. 2 No. 4, p. 1. Cited in Allen.R.S, Helms.M,(2004) Linking strategic practices and organisational performance to porters generic strategies, Business process management journal ,vol. 12 No.4 ,pp.433-454. Malburg, C. (2000). Competing on costs. Industry Week, Vol. 249 No. 17, p.31. Cited in Allen.R.S, Helms.M,(2004) Linking strategic practices and organisational performance to porters generic strategies, Business process management journal ,vol. 12 No.4 ,pp.433-454. Hlavacka, S. Ljuba, B. Viera, R and Robert, W. (2001). Performance implications of Porters generic strategies in Slovak hospitals, Journal of Management in Medicine, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 44-66. Harvard business review 2008 available at: https://www.ascendcfo.com/pdfFiles/HBR-The%20Five%20Competitive%20F orces%20That%20Shape%20Strategy.pdf- Accessed on [10 March 2010] Vignali, C., Vrontis, D. (2004), Global Marketing and Export Management, Foxwell and Davies, London Cited in Vrontis,D. stavrou,A. Kogetsidis.H(2006).Strategic marketing planning for a supplier of liquid food packaging products in Cyprus, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Volume.21,No.4 pp: 250-261 Barney, J.B. (1991).Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp.99-120. Daft, L.R. (1983).Organizational Theory and Designs, West Pub. Co., St. Paul. Prahalad, C.K. and Hamel, G., (1990). The Core Competence of the organization. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), pp.79-91. Rumelt, R.P., (1991), How much does industry matter? Strategic management journal, vol.12 No.3, pp.167-85. Grant, R.M., (1991), The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(spring), pp.114-35. Peteraf, M ., (1993), The cornerstones if competitive advantage: a resource based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14, pp.179-91. Mahoney, J.T. and Pandian, J.R., (1992), The Resource-Based View Within the Conversation of Strategic Management, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.15 No.5, pp. 363-380. Hooley, G.J. and Greenley, G.E., (2005). The Resource Underpinnings of Competitive Positions,Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol.13, No.2.pp.93-116. Smith, A.D. Rupp, W.T. (2002). Communication and Loyalty among Knowledge Workers: a resource of the firm theory view, Journal of Knowledge Management. Vol. 6 No.3, pp.250-61. Barney, J.B., (2001). Is the Resource-Based Theory a Useful Perspective for Strategic Management Research? Yes, Academy of Management Review., Vol.26 No.1, pp.41-56. Henry, A., (2008). Understanding Strategic Management. Oxford University Press. Priem, R.L. and Butler, J.E., (2001). Is the resource based view a useful perspective for strategic management resea rch? Academy of Management Review, Vol.26 No.1. pp. 22-40. Lynch, R., (2003). corporate strategy.3rd ed. London: FT Prentice Hall. Svensson, G., (2003). Consumer driven and bi-directional value chain diffusion models, European Business Review, Vol. 15, No. 6, p. 390-400. Allen.R.S, Helms.M,(2004) Linking strategic practices and organisational performance to porters generic strategies, Business process management journal ,vol. 12 No.4 ,pp.433-454. Executive summary This report provides the strategic tools and techniques used in formulating strategy. This report starts with the external analysis of macro environment by using PESTLE and industry analysis to identify the profit potential by using the porters five forces frame work. The external analysis is carried to identify the threats and opportunities in the operating environment. Internal analysis of the firm is carried out to identify the strengths and weakness of the firm using by using Porters value chain, Resource based view. Porters three generic strategies have been explained for positing of the firm and Ansoff growth/productmatrix is also explained. An overview of ryan airways and british airways has been provided with and to identify then internal analysis frameworks using RBV , porters value chain and porters generic strategies.

The Differences Between Native American Religion And The...

For what it’s worth, when the first setters came to America, they would never have survived. The tribes that they came in contact with showed them how to farm, how to hunt and gave them land to live on. Despite the help that early Indians gave, the colonists began to take over their land and forced them to move thousands of miles away from their homelands. They also tried to make the Indians conform to English standards of dress, grooming, behavior, and religion. Although the other topics hold their own level of importance, religion is quite important to consider since it impacted the majority of Indian actions and customs. In early America, most Europeans were Christians of different denominations. To the colonists, the differences in their religion were hardly as important as the differences between native American religion and the religion of settlers. This fact coupled with the fact that Europeans wanted native lands made them a convenient enemy (Ruvolo). American Indians didn’t understand the need to convert others to different religions since none of their 600 plus tribal traditions required this. Native practices were outlawed and for almost a hundred years native children were forced to go to Christian boarding schools that were government sponsored. There, they often were abused physically, emotionally and even sometimes sexually. The justification for this behavior was: â€Å"kill the Indian, save the child† (Woodley). Tribes were subdued by a combination of disease,Show MoreRelatedNative Americans During The Colonization1473 Words   |  6 PagesNative Americans during 1785-182 9 were affected by western expansion because of the removal of Native Americans from the land, white settlers attempting to assimilate Native Americans to their culture, and were involved in battles between the a Native Americans and white setters which led to the depleting number of Native Americans. 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Pros And Cons Of Assisted Suicide - 1743 Words

What is assisted suicide? Merriam-Webster lists assisted suicide as â€Å"suicide committed by someone with assistance from another† (Assisted Suicide, n.d.). Particularly by a licensed health care provider/physician willing to participate and authorized by the state. The physician will assist with, in administering an approved prescription drug and a lethal dosage. Assisted suicide acts upon the legal request and approval of state law and patient request for the reasons of a terminal condition in order to end unbearable suffering. Not all states in the U.S. are authorized or have approval to perform such patient request. CNN article lists the states mandated by state law as Oregon, Vermont, Washington, California, Colorado, and the District†¦show more content†¦Article 2). The human being has rights and religious beliefs that must be respectfully accepted and recognized as such. The human rights declaration is stated to be the freedom, justice and peace of the nations. Overall, the rights of fairness, freedom to make own our decisions and opinion known, reasonable justice in accordance to the people, and tranquility. The United Nations and a general consent for the purpose of all people and nations declared the Universal Declaration of Human Rights official. The declaration is translated into 500 languages and available for anyone. The morale right to choose freely and having the option for physician-assisted suicide can decrease self- suicides and the consequences from a loved one having to take action on their own behalf. Loved ones do all they can to alleviate, decrease, and take mind off heighten senses due to pain and suffering. If a strong belief in something exists, sometimes having the option can change the end decision. Not having the option can push a person to commit irreversible actions. The importance is having the right to decide. The declaration states, â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights† (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, n.d.Show MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Assisted Suicide1609 Words   |  7 PagesAssisted Suicide Assisted suicide is when you give someone else permission like a physician, to kill you. Assisted suicide is legal in at least six states (Tolle, 1996) and there is lots of people who wanted to die because the disease they might have at the moment is just too much for them. If a patient that wanted to die the they would either talk to a physician or their doctor and give the doctor permission to just kill the patient. Assisted suicide can only happen when your medication is notRead MorePros and Cons on Assisted Suicide - Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesKeri Starkel Pros and cons on assisted suicide Pages 5 What happens to a person when they get so depressed that they are on the verge of suicide? Well the only answer would be to commit it but what if that person cant find the guts to go through it alone. Well then they ask for assistance. This is called assisted suicide. Assisted suicide or in other words euthanasia is the killing by an act of an independent human being for their own benefit. There are many kinds of definitions that one mustRead MoreAssisted Suicide878 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive  Essay  Ã‚     Assisted  suicide  is  the  suicide  of  a  person,  done  with  the  help  of  another  person  but   mostly  a  physician.  (Wikipedia)  This  can  be  a  very  debatable  topic  because  it  has  actually  been   legalized  in  different  parts  of  the  world.  By  having  this  act  legalized,  it  doesn’t  really  mean  that   the  assistor  won’t  get  persecuted.  Many  people  may  not  agree  with  my  point  of  view,  but  in  my   opinion  assisted  suicide  should  not  be  legalized  at  all.      First  of  all,  there  are  many  pros  such  as  ,  a  patients  pain  and  suffering  will  be  coming  to  Read MoreA Day The Thackstons Went For Their Daily Run1583 Words   |  7 Pageskidneys. He would only be around for another two or three months. He and his wife Julie asked the doctor what to do. Dr. Bennet said â€Å"There is a way to end it all quickly.† The Thackstons asked, â€Å"How doctor?† His reply â€Å"There is this aid called assisted suicide; it is where doctors can give the patient a pill and he or she will die immediately. Some patients recommend the pill if they only have months to live.† Mrs. Thackston said â€Å"Don’t think about leaving me behind. I have family and friends to supportRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Right Of The People1700 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide: A Right of the People Most people have seen at least one person in their life suffering in unbearable pain up to their death, and it’s never something people find joy in. There is nothing pleasing about being in pain or watching someone be in pain. For those people whose pain does not respond to methods of modern medicine, there should be the option of physician-assisted suicide. â€Å"Physician-assisted suicide refers to the practice of a physician prescribing or regulatingRead MoreEuthanasia 1044 Words   |  5 Pagesdrastically been modified. While the literal practice of euthanasia is illegal in the United States, Physician-Assisted-Suicide (PAS) has been made legal in several states (â€Å"Euthanasia Historical Timeline†). The difference between euthanasia and PAS is quite simple. Euthanasia involves the direct administration of drugs by the physician to the patient via an injection. However, in Physician-Assisted-Suicide, the physician provides all the information, drugs, and appara tus needed in achieving death but the patientRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1249 Words   |  5 Pagesallowed to help patients with suicide. 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Euthanasia by definition is the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individualsRead MoreThe Fight Over Assisted Suicide1746 Words   |  7 Pagesthirty years the fight over assisted suicide has earned a spot in the national spotlight, for both positive and negative reasons depending on your stance on the issue. There have been challenges made based off the constitution, the right to privacy and moral reasons for both sides. While there have been many notable persons of interest during this time some have helped the cause as others have hindered progress. There have been attempts to challenge physician assisted suicide based off the FourteenthRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1265 Words   |  6 PagesParker March, 14, 2015 Assisted Suicide Introduction There are several ethical and legal issues that are raised by the majority concerning the legalization of physician assisted suicide and the role of nurses in the process. Assisted suicide is a legal act of assisting those who are suffering from a deadly illness in ending their lives by providing them the means to do it (Griffith, 2014). Netherland was the first country to legalize physician assisted suicide. In 1994, Oregon became

Retail Organization Company Profile - 2270 Words

Retail organisation: Company Profile – John Lewis. Emergence of John Lewis and department stores John Lewis is one of the major successes in the British retail sector with a vast influential history. They are the largest department store retailer in the UK; this includes 31 department stores, 10 John Lewis at home stores, also shops at Heathrow airport and St Pancreas international. The company emerged in retail when the first store opened in Oxford Street in 1864. The first store came with the famous tagline ‘never knowingly undersold’. This is the promise that ‘the price of any item we sell will always be as low as the lowest price in the neighbourhood’. According to O’Brien, L, G. and Harris, F. (1991, pp 47) after 1850 a†¦show more content†¦Emphasis across the country was placed heavily on salesmanship and commerce. There was a movement from double functioning shops; shops that doubled as a place for business and work for shop keepers and family, and ‘lock-up’ shops. These shops were exclusively places of business. H owever, the major change from this period was the growth and emergence of large-scale retailing, thus the department store was born. This movement in retailing coincided with the opening of the first John Lewis department store in 1864. (O’Brien, L, G. and Harris, F.1991, pp 47) A department store is a retailer that sells a large variety of products. The stores are divided into a number of sections each offering a different service and product for consumers: the food department, the footwear department, the toys and games department, etc. Department stores â€Å"compete mainly by offering customers convenience [All products and merchandise they require is all in the same place, meaning visitations to other shops isn’t needed.], personal service and good quality products rather than on a basis of self service and cut prices.† (Collins, 2006.) John Lewis position in the retail sector The main aspect of John Lewis is the infamous partnership. This is a governance system that was both commercial and democratic; this allowed the business to move quickly and maintain a leading position in a competitive industry whilst giving every partner a voice in

Starbucks Marketing Analysis CRIS

Question: Discuss about the Starbucks Marketing Analysis for CRIS. Answer: Introduction: Starbucks in its new marketing objectives for expansion has planned to add the line related to the workout and fitness line. Brand awareness: The objective of the company is to increase the awareness of the brand among its active users around 50 % within its first year of launch. The company for increasing the new product brand awareness uses the present trends of the market towards the fitness and the health. The brand awareness can be increased through the utilization of the digital media. Growth Market Share: The increased awareness of the product among the health conscious users will help the company in generating the profit of almost 30 % within the first year of its launch (Haskova, 2015). Launch new product or services: The company for the increase market share will add new products to its menu. This segment of the company may include the bars and the protein shakes. The Starbucks in combination with the whey protein are the energy drinks and are also known as the pre or post workout products. The products will help the consumer to develop the muscles still being convenient and delicious as compared to the other products. Target new customers: This new product launch will target; females, people ranging the age 20-30 years, persons who are busy and often eat food on the run and the Consumers, who need the balance between the health and the convenience (Susanty and Kenny, 2015). Enter new markets: With the new concepts and entering the new markets of Europe and Asia will help the company in achieving its marketing objective of increasing the company sale in the first year of the launch of the new products. Stakeholders relation The company with the ideas of the new products also focus on the relation of the company stakeholders as this also results in the growth of the company. The company employees with the better relation work efficiently for the growth and the success of the company. The advertisement of the Starbucks product will increase the footfall of the consumers in the Starbucks store by 20 % (Haskova, 2015). The new health product in the menu will also help in building the strong relations with its consumers. This strategy of adding the new products related to the health and fitness by the company and results in the increased growth and the profit of the company. References Haskova, K. (2015). Starbucks Marketing Analysis.CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study, 2015(1). Susanty, A. and Kenny, E. (2015). The Relationship between Brand Equity, Customer Satisfaction, and Brand Loyalty on Coffee Shop: Study of Excelso and Starbucks.ASEAN Marketing Journal, 7(1).

I. BACKGROUND Essay Example For Students

I. BACKGROUND Essay The location was a moderate to large size city near the east coast of Massachusetts. The city has a mix of all races and is diverse in its racial distribution. It is a city where most of the people are middle class working folks. While it is a moderate size city, it has few city problems such as homelessness, poverty and violence. The year was 1992 and it was the summertime. It was very hot and humid at about 11:30 at night and I was in a car driving around looking for something to do. It was a boring Tuesday night so I decided to go to a big video arcade hangout called Funworld. There is a number of video games as well as young people. The establishment is a large building with a large parking lot. I was with three other people in the parking lot when we were approached by a group of three other gentlemen. I myself am a caucasian male under 21 years of age. Two of the people I was with were upperclass caucasian males also under the age of 21. The last person was also under 21 and male, but he was African-American. One of the caucasians was a close friend and another was an acquaintance. The African-American was also a friend of mine. Of the three gentlemen that approached us, two were hispanic males that appeared to be over 21 and the other was a caucasian male that appeared over 21, although I couldnt be sure. Although I didnt want to make any judgements about them, they looked as if they were poorly dressed and over 21. So I deduced that they were in a gang or they were drug dealers, high school dropouts, etc.;. II.ACTIONAt first it appeared as if both groups would just pass by each other unnoticed but the caucasian male in the other group made a racist remark about my African-American friend. He said Look at those dumb dudes walking with that fucking spade. My African-American Dave turned around suddenly and said What the fuck did you say? The caucasian male retorted None of your fucking business dick! At this point both groups approached each other and then my friend Dave said You wanna go, in response the other kid said Lets go! and shoved him in the chest. The other two of the caucasian males friends jumped on top of Dave and then we all kind of got into a fight. We were mostly just pushing and shoving each other at first. After about a minute of pushing, two of the guys jumped on Dave and one jumped on my friend Chris. When I was looking at this I noticed that Chris, who is well-built, and the hispanic were mostly wrestling, but Dave was really getting hit. My first instinct was to help Dave, of course, because he was getting killed and Chris was okay. To my surprise however, my friend Dan helped Chris. I immediately jumped in to help Dave even though I was equally good friends with Chris and Dave. Dave was getting hit the hardest and needed help bad. I pulled one of the guys off Dave and then pulled the other off. By this time Chris and Dan had easily overpowered the hispanic kid, and when the three kids saw it was four against three, they just ran off when they saw that there was more of us than of them. I helped Dave off the ground, and saw that he had a bloody nose, but he seemed okay when I asked. Chris and Dan were fine and didnt show any ill effects at all. When I saw the hispanic people and the way that they were dressed I started wondering if they were going to start any trouble. My attitude toward was possibly prejudiced, but under the circumstances, at night with the clothing that was being worn, I think (obviously correctly), that I was right in the conclusion that they were out to cause trouble. I was taught no to the prejudiced, but in this situation Im wondering if what I did was considered prejudiced because I was correct in my first assumption of them. The problem is that though the actual instigator seemed to be that caucasian male from the other group, and not the hispanics. I feel a bit puzzled as to how my thinking and value or belief system could be construed in that situation. I believed that they would cause problems and they did cause problems; but was it the wrong thing to believe? I dont knowIII. REFLECTIONLooking back at the event I keep thinking about why Dan went over to help Chris who was doing fine, instead of h elping Dave who was getting killed. Dan is not friends with either of the two but merely acquaintances with both of them. It may not be right but I keep thinking. that there was a little racial motivation in the fact that Dan went to help Chris and not Dave. Why else would he have helped Chris instead of Dave. I also noticed that he wasnt too sympathetic to Daves feelings and didnt rush over to see how he was doing, or if he was hurtAt first these thoughts didnt really enter my mind, but the next day when I looked back on it and examined what had transpired, I started thinking that perhaps there were some hidden racial overtones in how Dan acted. Although he didnt say anything or act offensively to Dave, perhaps not being either of the two, I was able to notice their actions and how Dan was acting towards Dave. .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .postImageUrl , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:hover , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:visited , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:active { border:0!important; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:active , .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60 .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub408fa904a0ee56fb0f782c3541f9f60:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Spontaneous Generation EssayI was feeling confused and hurt at the game time. I was feeling confused because I didnt know why one of my friends would act this way. If one of my friends did act this way then I was hurt both because of the gap between my values and his as well as feeling confused as to when he started acting this way, or if he had always been racist and I just didnt notice. I was starting to wonder if I knew my friends as well as I though or if perhaps we have drifted in different directions in values and beliefs. I dont know what role my thoughts and feelings played in the altercation between the two groups other than the fact that I thought of helping my friends. I also felt a great amount of hatred towards the hispanic race. Looking back I know that was wrong but at the time when my friends and I were in a fight with them I hated them so much I wanted to kill them. I know I wouldnt have if it came down to it, but because of two people I hated their entire race. I think the fact that I was white and one of my friends was black and another of my friends was white affected the situation largely. Also to a degree the fact that two of the other men were hispanic and the amount of hatred I felt toward them. As for my friend, for a couple of seconds I almost felt ashamed to be white, because someone of my own race was being prejudiced towards my Afro-American friend. Although I dont want to make it seem as if I am ashamed to be white, at the time I felt as if I had to represent my whole race in feeling bad towards what happened to my friend Dave and also how my friend Dan acted. I think a factor that has not been discussed that was prevalent in this case was the fact that the three other gentlemen started the altercation and not us. This made me feel more hostile towards them and the fact that we really had nothing to do with the fight starting, but yet because of the fact that we were three caucasians and an Afro-American was different to them. They didnt like what they saw so they tried to change it by any means possible. I think that Dan was perhaps confused and perhaps upset at the same time. He was struggling internally because two people he knew were involved in a fight and he had to make a choice between the two as to which one to help. On the one hand one person he knew was white and in a fight but he didnt seem like he needed help. On the other hand, Dave who is African American seemed like he needed help in a fight but didnt get any except from me. Chris was thinking that the other three men had no right to do what they did and they would have to pay for their actions as well as their words. I really cant say what the white man was thinking when he said that because I dont know why anyone would do something like that. As for the other two, I know that they felt the same and got more than they bargained for when we got in a fight. I think that the different social groups here create an obvious issue. The fact that a white and two hispanics were fighting against an African American and two whites shows that the race was the key factor. This fight alone was a melting pot of individuals. I think in my mind that the fat that Dan was white affected his decisions, not in a big way, but in some sort of way. I dont really know about the other three, but as for Chris and I, race affected us in terms of white and hispanic because thats who we were mad at the most. I dont know why this would be the case, but it just was. .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .postImageUrl , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:hover , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:visited , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:active { border:0!important; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:active , .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199 .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2cee22109e5cea9e1890f586f5da1199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Critique: Getting Off The Welfare Carousel EssayI believe that African-American viewing this would have felt the most strongly. The event they would have sen unfolding in front of them would have hurt a lot. They would have jumped in to help not only my friend Dave but also all of us because we were all trying to fight for the same thing out there. African-Americans also would have been puzzled as to why one white man would help out a black man but not two. The way events unfolded would have made them think twice. In an odd way I feel another thing that would have made people jump in to help was the fact that a caucasian and an African-American were fighting for each other . As much as we hate to admit it that is not a scene we see nearly enough of in this day and age. Something has got to be done about it immediately(I think I got all of it cut over)