Regular Attendance In University Is Essential Academic Achievement Education Essay

Questions of personal development of pupils and the formation of their preparedness for future professional activities are keys to the theory and pattern of bettering the work of modern instruction institutions.A This is because the initial stage of â€Å" assimilation † with profession comes merely during larning, every bit good as the procedure of self-government of a immature adult male in life: he forms his life and philosophical places, develop individualised methods of work, behaviour and communication.A In this instance one of the taking jobs is to construct such a system in educational establishments that will be optimum for non merely personal development of pupils, but besides their professional development as specializers, their preparedness to work. Consequently, more pressing becomes the job of placing the relationship and mutuality of two procedures: the personal and professional development of pupil and the procedure of studying.A That ‘s why it is necessary to find how the acquisition procedure and attending of college or school affect personal features of pupils: their professionalism, willingness to work, deepness of cognition, and a entire success in the future profession. Education is portion of the procedure of personality formation.A Through this procedure, society transmits cognition, accomplishments from one individual to many other.A During analyzing the pupil is non merely given, but besides imposes certain points of position, sentiments, societal and cultural values.A The acquisition procedure is aimed at the socialisation of the person, but sometimes it interferes with the true involvements of the pupil. For illustration, some pupils prefer the procedure of self-cultivation and non go toing schools or college, but instead choose acquisition by correspondence or distance learning.A Besides the promotion of engineering, utilizing computing machine web to record talks and to upload class contents has facilitated pupils in an online larning environment to entree stuff and to reiterate schoolroom experience after category, or even without go toing category. Concern for betterments in pupil acquisition has attracted a big sum of literature in hunt for the correlativity of category attending and pupil public presentation, peculiarly in the present clip when about everything is accessible online. But here the inquiry arises: how effectual is that instruction? A Besides, some pupils do non go to school or college because it is a waste of clip for them.A However, in the hereafter, these pupils will hold to work, and their professional cognition and accomplishments are in question.A Consequently, there is a cardinal inquiry: how attending of the university or college affects the professionalism and success in the future work of the pupil? Nowadays a batch of schools and colleges have introduced a policy of rigorous attending, that means all pupils must go to categories, and both parents and instructors must command that procedure. These policies of rigorous attending have caused a batch of statements for and against. This paper will analyse the importance of attending policy at schools and colleges, and its importance for pupils public presentation and good professional accomplishments. The paper will show three points of position: one back uping rigorous attending policy, A one who is opposed to attending policy, and one that can take either side.The importance of attending in the acquisition procedureThe traditional signifier of instruction is the internal signifier, when pupils should purely go to categories, talks and seminars.A Most pupils continue to take this signifier of instruction despite the troubles of economic nature: during 5 old ages pupils will non be able to work full clip, and will hold to give most of the clip to studying.A In this paper we consider the importance of such signifier of instruction for pupils, and in peculiar the importance of attending of categories for their future professional activities. The chief intent of full-time instruction, when pupils attend categories, is that the acquisition procedure should give pupils a certain system of cognition, should work out a certain manner of thought, should give pattern of progressive attempts to obtain and utilize the cognition. This type of instruction is the most widely used today and is based on obtaining the cognition and accomplishments under the strategy: the survey of new stuff – consolidation of the stuff learnt – monitoring of consequences and their rating. The chief features of full-time instruction is that: A – foremost, that instructors give pupils their cognition, experience and accomplishments ; A – secondly, instructors non merely provide pupils with the necessary stock of cognition, but besides instruct them on assorted options of life and occupation state of affairss. This suggests that classes in schools and universities non merely provide pupils with all the necessary information, but besides give the societal facets of educating immature people.A The above conditions are complementary, and give pupils all-around development. Based on this, the most common presentation of rigorous attending policy, we should pay attending to some specific characteristics of traditional schooling.A There is a gag that has a deep sense: â€Å" Education – is what remains with a individual after he forgets everything he was taught † .A Indeed, much of the information people get is normally forgotten after some clip, but self-educational and societal facets of larning remain. On this footing, it would be logical to presume, that together with the giving a certain sum of facts and algorithms, the most of import undertaking of instruction is the development of rational capacities of pupils. From a schoolroom direction point of view, there are many logistical grounds to necessitate attending. Group undertakings are really negatively affected when a group member does non demo up for labs. Class morale is lowered when pupils show up tardily and have no hint of the subject being discussed. Students claiming that coming to category is unneeded to acquire good classs influence other pupils, even if they do profit from go toing category. ( Clump et al. 2003 ) However, category expediency is a secondary issue, compared to every teacher ‘s duty to learn her class every bit efficaciously as possible. Learning is a joint and fantastic journey between each pupil, her equals and her teachers. Although the universe of academe is quickly altering with an of all time increasing distance- acquisition constituent, the exclusive reading of a text edition ( or observation of a screen ) can non be compared in profusion and effectivity of a schoolroom experience. To to the full show the importance of lessons attending, it is necessary to give features of pupils who attend lessons. Who is now a regular full-time pupil? A This is normally a immature adult male who understands that for serious work he must hold good cognition and education.A He intentionally chooses a full-time instruction, wishing to give all his clip acquisition, get the hanging the profession.A He believes that the acquired cognition will assist to happen work, to take a worthy topographic point in life, to turn in the profession and to guarantee an acceptable quality of life for themselves and their future household. Many research and experiments about the regular attending show that pupils who attend categories achieve better consequences in instruction. For illustration Clump et Al. ( 2003 ) studied the consequence of go toing category in a class in General Psychology, comparing the public presentation of pupils â€Å" who were present on yearss were given with those who were non present. † They conclude that â€Å" go toing category is one of the best things pupils can make with respects to their classs. This is the instance for both the immediate hereafter and for the full class. † ( Clump et al. 2003 ) The advantages of rigorous attending of categories are the undermentioned: 1.A It is an chance for direct communicating with the instructors, because the personal factor plays a immense function in any work, and particularly in instruction as from instructor ‘s talks pupils can larn much more than from a text edition or the Internet. 2.A Students have clip to see libraries, conferences, and that, of class, deepens the theoretical cognition, which is a necessary for professional competence. 3.A Full-time pupils have more chances to recognize themselves in the module and the institute ‘s activities, that is to take part in the informal life of the university.A This is of great importance for pupils, because it is the experience of public addresss, studies and other types of professional activity, which is of import for their future calling.2. Arguments against policy of rigorous attendingAlthough the statements for utilizing an attending policy are obliging, there are many research workers who provide every bit compelling statements against attending policies. Unfortunately, attending policy has some defects, particularly they are of import in our times, when grants are little, and the chance to work for pupils is excluded because of deficiency of clip. Of class, full-time instruction provides fewer chances for parttime occupation, as categories at the institute, as a regulation, take clip from nine o'clock in the forenoon to five o'clock in the evening day-to-day, except weekends. So when some pupils are forced to look for occupations, they have less clip for good perusal, regular visits of talks, seminars and libraries. Another of import ground of statements against rigorous attending is that many pupils presents can hold bad wellness, and some unwellnesss that do non let to regular attend categories. For illustration kids with diabetes, bosom diseases, fleshiness, and some other chronic diseases can frequently experience non good plenty to travel to school or college, and they really frequently stay at place. Health jobs truly prevent pupils from regular and rigorous attending, and that statement can be the most strong. When talking about the rigorous attending policy, it is necessary to take into consideration legion personal factors of pupils, that this policy can non supply. These grounds can be taking attention of brothers and sisters, some active athletics activity, psychological jobs and legion household factors. Besides among the most common ground of bad lessons attending is motive and duty of pupils. Sometimes student semen to high school for really different grounds, for illustration when parents make them to make this.A These pupils frequently failed to see an independent life after graduation, and do non understand why they need certain cognition, what they want in the hereafter profession.A This leads to infantile attitude to educational procedure, focal point on formal memory from some pupils and the desire to merely acquire a good class, or â€Å" faux pas † from others.A Some of the unfavorable judgment for implementing an attending policy is that it assumes that pupils can non judge what is good for them, and that they, non the teacher should make up one's mind if they should go to a peculiar category on a peculiar twenty-four hours. To do a rational determination to go to or jump category, a pupil must judge the value of each of these two options. But, it is in the human nature that immediate necessities are preferred over long-run advantages ( Kahn et al. , 2004 ) . To presume that a immature individual can appreciate the long-run value of instruction is a weighty premise. Of class, the state of affairs is altering in senior classs, when pupil normally already hold a professional involvement, and get down to believe about future employment. In all instances, any determination seems rational from the point of view of the individual taking it. In the instance of category attending, pupils may jump category for grounds that have nil to make with breaking their acquisition. If the pupil is viewed merely as the teacher ‘s client, so any pupil determination is, by definition, right. In both instances, it is a pupil ‘s determination.The 3rd fluctuation of the attending policy – is optionalA attending policyAOptionalA attending policyA is an unfastened educational chance for pupils. A good illustration of optional policy is distant acquisition. A pupil who takes portion in such plan surveies the same course of study and takes the same test as other A pupils, but heA does notA hold to go to the categories because everything, including talks, books, stuffs are available in the cyberspace. Such pupils do non hold to go to regular categories, so they can salvage a batch of clip and money to acquire to college. Students do non hold to acquire up early, to take coachs to gat to college from far off, no more waste clip like this. Alternatively studentsA merely stay at place and doA prep. The chief advantage of distance acquisition is the handiness of preparation and deficiency of demand for attendance.A Distance acquisition is designed for a class of people who, for nonsubjective grounds can non utilize the traditional signifier of training.A These classs include, for illustration, pupils with disablements to wellness, or pupils who need to unite preparation and work.Decision and my attitude to the subjectThis paper shows that there are different point position on the rigorous categories attending policy, that nowadays is introduced in many colleges and schools. The first point is back uping rigorous attending policy, that have adequate and consistent grounds to reason that pupil attending is of import for acquiring good cognition, accomplishments, it improves student academic public presentation and professional features. The 2nd point of position is based on statements against rigorous attending, that is impossible for a batch of pupils. The 3rd point of position touches upon the subject of flexible optional policies, the illustration of which is distance instruction. There are a batch of points back uping the advantages of distance acquisition, stating that this is non merely a convenient signifier of acquisition, but besides a serious option to the traditional signifier in the hereafter: harmonizing to the American Association for Research in Education ( American Educational Research Association ) , in 2010 about two-thirds of the pupils will take it. I to the full agree about the importance of attending policy, as I ‘m certain that college or school attending gives pupils plentifulness of chances to acquire cognition, accomplishments that are necessary for future profession. Such pupils have far more chances non merely to acquire information relevant to the future occupation, but to develop their ain accomplishments and endowments. The decision may be that the chief aim of any instruction is to learn people to believe independently, to learn pupils the chosen topics and professions.A But accomplishing such a end is impossible to conceive of without the activity of pupils interested in the consequences of their preparation. Not the last factor for successful instruction is the personal features of the person, who must hold a clear motivation.A It ‘s no secret that the traditional signifier of acquisition and rigorous attending aid pupil in many ways: supervising the acquisition procedure, every bit good as common aid and support from pupils and instructors. In decision I would wish to observe that the pick of full-time instruction is a major measure for the hereafter of the pupil and his family.A It is hard, but the most productive and promising manner of geting a profession.A More and more immature people nowadays understand that lessons attendance opens new chances for self-fulfillment, happening good occupation, traveling up the societal ladder, supplying a nice criterion of life.

Skin Deep Response

Jasmine Cardenas October 17, 2012 English 1000C Professor Bell Skin Deep 1. Since a young boy Dane was not taught about any other races than that of his own. Dane’s family raised him to believe he was superior over other races. His grandfather and great grandfather both fought in the Confederacy and were both very racist Caucasian men. Dane states directly to the other teens in the group, â€Å"no way I can step back and change that,† meaning his grandparents that were involved in the Confederacy.Because Dane was raised in a mainly racist family and dominantly white neighborhood he was brought up to think he was better than those children and teens of other races. He was raised to believe that everyone in mankind has struggles in their own way but does realize that minorities have a harder time with these everyday struggles. Dane states in one of his conversations with other college students that, â€Å"life is rough† and that should be able to handle their situa tion on their own.This is a connection I made between Dane’s early life experiences and his struggles to make sense of his own racial identity. I feel as though Dane’s early life at home impacted his views of interactions with other students at the workshop. 2. Tammy was raised in an all white neighborhood but at the same time realized the struggles and racism toward minorities. I feel as though Tammy is in the Pseudo-Independent stage of Beverly Daniel Tatum’s â€Å"Racial Identity Development† model.I think Tammy’s in this developmental stage because she was very aware of the conflicts that minorities faced in that time period; she was also very concerned and wanted to learn more about the feelings of those from other cultures. She doesn’t believe that Whites are â€Å"superior† to any other race and she wanted to make a change in herself and in her neighborhood. Tammy wants to connect with those of other races but others donâ€℠¢t take to it well because she is white and many young minds believed that all Caucasians were racist.It was very difficult for Tammy to get her point across in group discussions because she felt so strongly about the subject. Tammy stated, â€Å"my family taught me an honest day’s work, and honest day’s pay†¦but I’ve come to realize that for some culture’s in our society that’s not true they have to work twice as hard and are being taught they can’t do something. † This quote really set it apart for me in figuring out which developmental stage Tammy belonged in.

Mathematical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mathematical Thinking - Essay Example Students are gestated to cultivate problem-solving skills that includes problem defining, prescribing inferences, and canvassing the accuracy of solutions Students should be involved in sense making. One should teach mathematics as if it were an ill-structured discipline: a domain in which multiple inferences, polemics, and controversial issues are called for and genuine. In the first step in expressing their mathematical thinking in words, they normally do not follow very specific language. Learning to think mathematically obligates some interposed strategies in order to bridge the gap between student's ordinary language and the language of mathematics. Teachers nudge in strengthen the mathematical thinking of student make a gamut, fluctuating from more direct methods in which the teacher gives an answer, a substantiation, or a leading question, to less direct methods that facilitate and simplify students to develop their thinking mechanism or to reverberate on their queries and acumen. Some examples of less direct methods to enhance mathematical thinking are non-leading questions, summarizing a discussion, connecting ideas, and prob lem-solving steps to be taken; and the use of wait-time, in which a teacher masquerade a query and gives appropriate time for the student to just go through and elaborate his or her reasoning. Each of these inferences has the potential to assist students to conclude that they have the ability to develop logic, and that they too can think and act mathematically. Even the most expedition-oriented teacher acquaints students to available provisions in order to accomplish the needs avowed by students. The teacher can posture as a connoisseur member of a collaborative learning community, one who has resources to bring to bear on an inquiry. Responsiveness is a key value to reinforce discourse. When students are steering an inquiry, the teacher can be an acting tribunal and confidence builder. Another contour of responsiveness and impressionable includes recognizing student's misbelieves related to the questions they put. In such circumstances one might give an answer, but the more constructive response may be a follow-up question that rummages the postulations or consequences that led to the misguided query. This policy has two purposes: (a) it gives the students involved a opportunity to show on their own thinking, and (b) it alludes onus for a question to the student who asked it. A student requires learning a technique to answer, "Why did you raise that query" -- and this is absolutely defiance at first, because the activity is so reflexive and the presumptions are usually taken for granted. In this type of circumstances, a carefully drafted question can give students to refresh their thinking process and ask themselves whether an answer or a procedure they have used is sensible. Such queries are part of a strategy that ministers to dodge delegations from the teacher to the student. One standard in the classroom session that can be adopted explicitly is the anticipation that students are accountable to convalesce their problem solving techniques and should be queried continuously

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Bus 617-week 10 - Essay Example Evaluation of the program’s effectiveness within my organization would be through ensuring it is not duplicative and regularly monitoring the shelf life of the courseware. This practice would support workplace happiness by bringing in a true worldwide buy in of training programs among the participants and significantly reducing the cost of training. The practice is also flexible. What is happening now in my organization is lack of excellent content that can be applied globally and it is affecting the entire learning industry. Going by the potential of this practice, the future looks great and promising. The reason as to why I am saying that the future looks great is because using the practice well together with the program would just have the best effect on any given organization apart from mine. This information I acquired through real-time research and everything taught can be built on oneself. Most of the information came from a pdf called best practices of high functioning learning organizations. The rest of the information came from comparing notes over the internet and library. As I complete this exercise, I feel comfortable with the information that I acquired because it is self-explanatory and I can easily feel it transforming my organization and the entire industry. I have five goals namely extending my organization by going global, creating satisfaction to my customers, getting better learning programs for my organization, reducing the cost of learning and engaging my customers in the best way possible. One year from now, I will have done a lot considering the use of global practice. The organization at this time looks great, as I have gone global. The priority is however going global and the starting point is using the global practice. The advantages are that it could place the organization better competitively and at the same time, the disadvantage being that it would take more time to fully be implemented

Tesco Company Annual Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tesco Company Annual Report - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Tesco Company was started in the year 1919 from a market stall in East End England by Jack Cohen. The company experience growth and expansion to the Tesco known today, which operates in 12 countries in the world with a number of stores in these countries. It deals with a variety of products including household goods, freshly baked products, and groceries. The company also has a share in the service industry through Tesco bank. The diverse products and services contribute positively to the success of the company through diversifying investments so that when one sector is not performing very well another sector is making up for the difference. With a worldwide market through its various branches, Tesco has grown to be the leading retail outlet in the world. Not all information in a financial report of every company is financial; there are some theory and explanations giving an overview of the company without using the financial figures. Ke y performance indicators divert the attention from the profit earned and focus on the firm’s performance in terms of meeting their goals and objectives. These indicators measure the success of the firm and the potential of the firm to grow in future, this is very important to an investor interested in investing in the firm. They include customer satisfaction that is reflected through repeat purchases and referral of new customers to the store. Tesco is not an exception to this and it has measured the key performance indicators of the firm and availed the information in the annual financial report. Tesco has managed to retain 70% of their loyal customers from the previous year while acquiring 29.1% of the loyal customers in the previous year as new loyal customers. 59.7% of the loyal customers have shopped through various channels, indicating customer loyalty to the firm and the importance of the various channels to customers. Demand for branded Tesco products is also increasi ng with 64.3% of the loyal customers shop for Tesco branded products. In general, all these clients show love for the firm indicating the bright future of the firm with a good customer base in currently and in the future.

REDD+ Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REDD+ - Article Example The REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and + refers to conservation and enhancement of carbon stocks) program has been created to reduce carbon emissions from forest lands and to contribute towards sustainable management of the forest ecosystems. Carbon emissions resulting from degradation of forest lands and deforestation carried out for agricultural purposes, infrastructure development, and creation of pasture lands and emissions resulting from forest fires, all contribute about 20% greenhouse gas emissions. It has been well documented that such emissions will have a major impact on the global average temperature. Concrete steps need to be taken to stabilize the average temperature within two degree Celsius and the REDD program has been created with this vision. Through the program developing countries are provided results-based incentives and support for capacity building to reduce the green house gas emissions and implement strategies to conserve the natural ecosystems and more specifically the forest carbon stocks as these have the potential to reduce climatic changes (http://www.un-redd.org; The UN-REDD Programme, n.d; Vhugen, Aguilar & Miner, 2012). In order to further assist developing countries to reduce forest carbon emissions a collaborative program with the UN was launched in the year 2008. The program was initiated with nine pilot countries from 3 continents: Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia from Africa; Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Vietnam from Asia-Pacific; Bolivia, Panama and Paraguay from the Latin America and the Caribbean. This program now supports operations in 44 partner countries in designing and implementing the REDD program. Additionally it also helps the participating counties to develop strategies, monitor the system effectively and provides methods, data and tools for the implementation of the program. The program is implemented country-wise and with the feedback given by other coun tries it supports the conservation of forest lands and reduces deforestation. There has been a gradual rise in the funding for the program as more countries have expressed interest in the program. In addition to the programs formulated for specific countries, the UN-REDD also supports REDD+ readiness through a Global Program in which policies and strategies are commonly developed to help countries in their REDD+ readiness efforts. The UN-REDD program also receives expertise on various issues related to conservation from three other participating organizations namely the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). (The UN-REDD Programme, n.d). Members of the REDD+ program recently recognized the increasing responsibilities of legislators in passing laws and preparing budgets and in order to strengthen the parliamentary role in reducing emissions it has introduced a Globe Legislature Forest Init iative. Through this program legislators can help in reducing deforestation and emissions by providing governmental support, law enforcement, financial scrutiny and accountability. Through this initiative legislation and policies could be shared between nations and thereby contribute to the success of the program.

Global Marketing Management. British Petroleum Essay

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Create easy story - Essay Example President Bush quoted President Dwight Eisenhower who said that Thanksgiving is a time when Americans should celebrate ‘the plentiful yield of our soil †¦ the beauty of our land †¦ the preservation of those ideals of liberty and justice that form the basis of our national life†. (Bush, 2001) Thanksgiving is a time when many American families gather together to celebrate. In cities like New York, millions celebrate even in the streets, the harbor is full of ships also joining the celebration, and everyone is as happy like they are celebrating a joyous Christmas Day. Tourists and migrants who have co-celebrated with the Americans need not wonder what’s so special about Thanksgiving. Young Americans today just alter tradition a bit and go for modernity. (Three children are playing in front of an oak barrel; the mother, in traditional American dress, is beside them, also joyfully watching; there are sacks of wheat, and in the background is a farm; the father hoisting a sack of wheat on back of a horse.) Americans celebrate film day to watch Hollywood movies and their favourite stars. Most of the young are star struck; they watch movies to see their stars. Traditionally, Americans watch films with celebrations of food and cowboy films of old, the likes of John Wayne, Clint Eastwood, or the â€Å"The Good, The Bad and The Ugly† of yesteryears. Nowadays, there are varieties of adventure, sci-fi, or maybe high-tech movies such as The Star Wars, or The Transformer, and many entertaining ones which are applied with powerful special effects. Like many families around the world, Americans celebrate Christmas with gift-giving and parties. The United States is predominantly Christian; Americans worship Jesus Christ and celebrate his birth. Christmas is one of the joyous days of American holiday celebration. Everyone, young and old, celebrate it with gift-giving, while many go to places for relaxation or reuniting with old family ties.

Sioux Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sioux Artist - Essay Example The Sioux art portrayed their culture, beliefs, visions and dreams, making their art highly valuable among themselves. One of the most interesting Sioux artworks showcased by the Denver Art museum is the Sioux headdress. This particular piece, creatively designed, has many coloured feathers that give it an interesting appeal. Ideally, the multi-feathered headdress was supposed to tower high above its wearer. It has a top, supported with a long pole and feathers on one side. The designers of the headdress were keen enough not to mix too many colours, with white feathers attached on a yellow skin, attached to the white pole. This shows the carefulness with which the designers carried out their work. Additionally, it shows how important art was to these people. Evidence of creativity and imagination in this piece is at the top. The headdress has well rounded top with a beautifully coloured lining. Two pieces of skin attached to the top dangles from the top, which would dance whenever the wearer shook his head. A hairy yellow coloured skin supports the feathers on top, making this one of the most creati vely designed Sioux artworks I have seen so

Literature - Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Essay

Literature - Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, The Picture of Dorian Gray and The Time Machine - Essay Example In describing the human experience during the fin de seicle era, sociologist Marshall Berman says â€Å"they are moved at once by a will to change – to transform both themselves and their world – and by a terror of disorientation and disintegration, of life falling apart† (Berman, 1982). Through this statement, it is easy to see the conflicting emotions of an individual experiencing the type of rapid change that has characterized society since this period. As the people living during this period became more familiar with the concepts of Sigmund Freud and the hidden recesses of the mind and the ideas of Charles Darwin and the processes of natural selection and evolution, it became a necessity to examine the beliefs and customs of their inner selves. No longer was the world considered stable so the only center of gravity had to be found within, yet the world within was even more threatening. Many of the old values were shifting as factories rose and cities were bui lt. Women were gaining new freedoms and the old aristocracy, with its life of leisure and waste, was slowly falling into disrepute as enterprising and hard-working individuals from the lower classes began to make names for themselves, building up a middle class that valued work above play and based wealth upon monetary measures rather than the size of one’s property holdings. The resulting clash of values also constituted a meeting between the self and the other, as landed gentry struggled to come to grips with the new boldness of the rising middle class. It was during the fin de seicle era in particular that the question of the inner nature of man and his ultimate direction in life were made the focus of scientific study at the same time that the pace and direction of life were thrown into chaos, explaining this period’s fascination with the concept of the monstrous. The novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1886, presents the ultimate

E-business †Selling shoes in United States Essay Example for Free

E-business – Selling shoes in United States Essay Online shop attracts certain class of customers thus any company operating in goods and services on online shop must have a strategy of implementing their online shop. The designing of the website must be considered a critical factor of success of online shops. There fore, the company should acquire a variety of brand of shoes which attracts a specific class of customers that is the customers who are busy with extra disposable income to expand. They should also expand their product base which gives a customer a wide variety of shoes. An online store should reduce their costs by outsourcing labor from Asia and Africa to keep their products affordable to many. The company in online shop should enter into strategic alliances with other companies who have other products so that the online shop will be made use of apart from men shoe. Women shoes and make ups should be part of the shop to ensure that the site becomes popular to many. They should also include advertisements of other popular products to ensure the differentiation strategy works well. To implement the online shop is one of the best project t be implemented and this project will require the consent of the management. Competitive edge The most established competitors of online shop for shoes for men are companies which have stores where people walk in and out. Big stores like Walmart and Home Deport have stores selling shoes becoming competitors. However, an online shop for shoes will have a competitive edge over the other companies because their products will be sold online to all busy members of the society now that the majority of Americans have online or are intending to have online services into their homes. The company operating physical stores have achieved their goals and what they are doing now is competing for the existing market but a market for online shoppers is not yet developed thus the company with such a service will have a high competitive edge to other companies. The future looks bright for a company marketing and selling products online and most companies are selling to satisfy their customers through the introduction of online shops and their focus is now to offer unique and high quality shoes to busy members of the society in online shop. This will maintain customers and they will be there for many years to come. Marketing strategy When selling shoes online in the United States a number of factors are considered. Among the factors consider are who are the potential customers, what promotional strategies and the pricing strategies used. If you consider those facts, marketing of shoes in the United States online will be easier. The potential customers for online shop of men shoes in the united states is urban retired pensioners and young business executives who does not have time to do shopping for themselves and for their sons and grandsons. This category own internets broadband in their houses and whenever they need a product, they will browse an online shop, put their credit number and carry out the transaction. They will expect you to deliver the products to their offices or houses. They range from the age of twenty to the age of ninety and this market is expected to grow as more people are becoming wealthier and busy as compared to the past years. Men naturally tend to be busy and they are pushed into making purchases of shoes by their wives and women and online shop will be a great benefit to them. Women will be another target for selling of shoes of men online in the United States because ladies will wish to make purchases for their husbands or man friends. The market for this type of shopping is increasing and it’s becoming greater than it is expected. Selling shoes online will provide affordable and high quality shoes to busy men in the society who have no time to go out to do shopping for shoes. The online shop will provide a guide and inform men of the variety of shoes available in the main company’s store. This will increase the marketing strategy of the company. The aim of the shop will be to provide high quality and affordable shoes to the busy members of the community. An online shop will position the company to the point of offering high quality shoes which can be ordered form where one is situated. It will also act as a promotional centre for the company since the products of the company will be displayed on online. The customers will be informed of the variety without using any other media in advertising. This will help the company in product differentiation which is essential to positioning. This means the products sold online are positioned and they stand apart from competitive products offered by other companies. This combination of product differentiation and competitive offerings through online gives the company important attributes. The company website and online shop will be based in the United States ensuring that the products are marketed far worldwide but based in the United States. Pricing strategy Selling shoes online in the United States especially men’s shoes is one of the best method of selling products in the United States. The pricing strategy of shoes normally varies from plant to plant and is usually set to merge the prices of competitors. This is normally because most competitors operate in the same environment without any competitor having a competitive edge against others. It is essential that better quality plants of shoes to have the same price as competitors. However, price setting is aimed at ensuring profitability of the firm in business. The cost of purchase, distribution and maintenance of the website should be taken care of when setting the prices of shoes online. The price indicated should show the value of the shoes and the delivery amount. This is because the firm in business includes capital requirement and associated gains that covers the expenses of the organization. Always the profit is considered when setting price which is equals to the price net cost while capital gains is equivalent to the current assets and fixed asset running costs. In choosing the target market for shoes online, it is important before setting up online shop. Online shopping attracts some class of customers. Take for example most city and environ dwellers as compared to people in rural and interior areas where broadband have not reached. Statistics in the united states indicate that almost 50% of households in the united states have broadband in their houses meaning before any shopping is done, customers will check the online store to see the price, compare the value of money paid and time wasted to go to the store to buy one. If the value is higher, then the customer will enter a purchase agreement with an online shop. In the United States, there is an increase of aging population with an extra disposable income who does not have time to go out to do shopping. They will rather do online shopping paying an extra fee for delivery of goods and services. Therefore, the pricing strategy in the sales of shoes online should consider the cost of delivery and the capital gains of the company Sales strategy Online shop will sell their products through online transactions where the customers enquires about the product real time. If the product is in store, the customer is requested his credit card number, then the transaction is completed upon the supply of the credit card number. The goods are then organized for dispatch to the customers’ office. Again the company will operate a walk in walk out store where members of the public will patronize the store for the purpose of purchasing goods and taking them away. The online store will target geographical areas which are easily accessible by the transport system that will deliver goods to the customers. Sales will be offered at prices affordable to many within a geographical area. The markets will be segmented for the purpose of the sales team to know which area one is found for the purpose of setting the prices. Sales forecast Being the new product in the market, the company will carry out aggressive marketing which will increase the sales on a continuous or constant trend. At the beginning, the company estimates to make annual sales of 15 million. Thereafter, the sales will increase at the rate of 10% which will eventually consist of 2% of the market for men shoes. This ambitious plan will be possible through controlled and aggressive sales and marketing plan keeping in touch with the company’s objectives. The company’s objective could be updated on annual basis so as to ensure that the projected sales are adjusted accordingly. Our sales team will carry out survey to determine the current satisfaction and future needs of our customers. As regards to sales, a trend in sales is analyzed with professionals to ascertain the likelihood in changing the sales forecasted.

Nesting and Matrescence as a Birthing Strategy

Nesting and Matrescence as a Birthing Strategy Critique of Walsh (2006) â€Å"Nesting and ‘matrescence as distinctive features of a free-standing birth centre in the UK. Introduction The provision of evidence-based midwifery care in the current UK maternity care setting is of high priority (Rosswurm and Larrabee, 1999). According to Kitson et al (2000) the implementation of research-derived evidence into clinical practice is mediated by the relationship between the attributes of the research in question, including the type and nature of the research evidence and its rigour and perceived quality; the clinical context or setting within which the research is applied; and the process of implementation and its effects on practice. Research evidence can inform individual aspects of midwifery care, midwives’ attitudes and knowledge, or even the design and development of midwifery services. While for many midwives and other healthcare practitioners there can be ongoing challenges in the practical integration of research evidence into their work and professional role (Rosswurm and Larrabee, 1999), the value of research still lies in its rigour, usefulness and the s pecificity of findings (Stetler et al, 1998). For midwives, use of research evidence also means they can better support women to make informed choices (Magill-Cuerdon, 2006), particularly about place of birth, whilst keeping up to date (NMC, 2004). This essay addresses the critique of a qualitative research study focusing on elements of birth centre midwifery care. Birth centres have emerged as a significant driver within the UK maternity model for bringing about better client satisfaction, better clinical outcomes and more alignment with normality in midwifery. They also represent the emergence of policy which is responsive to some aspects of women’s (and midwives’) choices (Beake and Bick, 2007). The articles were critiqued using a framework derived from the work of Rees (2003), and Cluett and Bluff (2003), due to their familiarity to the author and their ease of use. Both authors have a midwifery orientation, and while this critique has been informed by a range of nursing, midwifery and general research sources, it is good to retain a midwifery orientation for the process itself. Critique Title, Authors and Focus The title of the study is clear and relates to the findings of the research and its focus on birth centre practice within the UK locality and maternity services paradigm. However, it does not refer to the nature of the research, which would have allowed the reader to immediately identify the underpinning research paradigm. The author is a Senior Lecturer in Midwifery within the UK, within a Midwifery Research Unit. It would also have been useful to know what involvement the author might have had in the unit and how specialist their knowledge of the research location was, to judge, for example, if there is any potential for bias (Polit and Hungler, 1995). Literature Review The literature review is placed within the Introduction section of the paper, and presents both a rationale for the research and a placement within the historical development of policy and practice. The nature of the review here firmly places the paper within a midwifery paradigm by critiquing historical applications of evidence within quantitative or scientific paradigms, which focus on pathology (Walsh, 2006). Conversely, theorists define the UK maternity services spectrum as being founded upon an holistic paradigm promoting normality, natural birth, choice, control and client-centred care (Beake and Bick, 2007). Walsh (2006) orients the discussion towards international issues about intervention rates, and links the discussion to pace of birth. However, apart from this, there is very little critical evaluation of existing research within the topic area; rather the author refers to an earlier study to which he contributed evaluating quantitative research studies about free-standing birth centres (Walsh, 2006). The author also uses this section of the paper to define some terms and some of the focus of the paper. A more detailed research critique would have been appropriate here (Baker, 2006; Cutcliffe and McKenna, 1999; Gerrish and Lacey, 2006; Holliday, 2002). Research Methodology The author is explicit about having a qualitative approach, namely methodology, which is suitable for answering their research question (Walsh, 2006). The stated aim of the research â€Å"was to explore the culture, beliefs, value, customs and practices around the birth process within an FSBC† (Walsh, 2006 p 229). According to Cutcliffe and McKenna (1999) qualitative research methodologies can attempt to answer questions about clinical practice which may not be adequately addressed by quantitative research approaches. Ethnography is an established methodology for this kind of research, particularly relating to birth setting and to midwifery centred care, all well aligned with qualitative models (Rees, 2003) and theory generating research (Parahoo, 2006). The usefulness of research studies such as this may be linked to their ‘fit’ with the issues concerned, and also with how detailed and rich (not to mention informative) the data derived are (Kearney, 2001). Such r esearch also has the advantage of being more client-oriented (Parahoo, 2006). The methodology itself is outlined clearly and certainly suggests not only a deep grasp of the true meaning of ethnograpy but also the kind of depth of data it will produce (Baker, 2006). Sample The author defines clearly the setting of the research, which is appropriate for an ethnographic study (Goulding, 2005), and defines the sample as comprising 15 midwives, 10 maternity care assistant (all the clinical staff working at the centre) (a purposive sample) and 30 women who agreed to be interviewed of which five allowed observation of their care (Walsh, 2006). The latter is described as an opportunistic sample (Walsh, 2006), which is similar to a convenience sample and is the kind of sample most commonly required for this kind of research (Wilkinson, 2000). There is no detail provided about how this sample was recruited, and so it cannot be judged whether or not this was done ethically or if any coercion was involved (Rees, 2003). There are no details given about the types of participants, or any demographic information which might enhance transparency and allow the reader to evaluate the transferability of these findings (Grix, 2004). While sample size is not usually of iss ue in qualitative research (Rees, 2003), and in particular, in ethnographic research (Devane et al, 2004; Hicks, 1996), as it is the richness of the data which is most significant (Hek and Moule, 2006), the sample size does seem to be adequate, particularly when the timescale and span of the research is considered. Ethical Considerations Some attention is paid to ethics, in that access was requested and afforded by the local PCT who owned the building, and permission was secured from the hospital that employed the staff (Walsh, 2006). Ethics somittee was granted, and all participants provided â€Å"informed written consent† (Walsh, 2006 p 229). Again, more detail here would have allowed the reader to evaluate the nature of the information and consent, and any other ethical issues there might have been in the research process (Austin, 2001). Ethical issues should be of primary importance in carrying out research of this nature, particularly in observing women during the time of birth, when they are not only particularly vulnerable but also particularly exposed (Austin, 2001). Vulnerability of subjects should be considered in designing clinical research (RCN, 2004). Some caution is needed over understanding the kinds of women recruited to the study and their level of vulnerability, for example (Rees, 2003). A slightly more critical view of the ethical dimensions of this paper would have been useful (Cooper, 2006). For example, while ethics committees of fundamental importance in research governance and have a significant responsibility for the protection of patients and participants (Cooper, 2006), this does not mean that they can ensure true informed consent is given and has continued to be given throughout the duration of the study. The Nuremburg Code (1949) underlines the need for voluntary consent, but could there have been any sense of obligation on the part of the research participants to take part? The Nuremburg Code (1949) further places responsibility for determining the quality and nature of the consent upon each individual person who initiates, directs or engages in the research, and so this author would question whether or not having all the birth unit staff involved in the study might have introduced some pressure on women to participate. Hollway and Jefferson (2000) descri be consent as a continual understanding of the implications of the research for the participant. There is no indication of how this has been addressed here. Data Collection and Analysis Data collection is dealt with as briefly as the sample, analysis and literature review are treated. The author carried out observation followed by follow up interviews, taking field recordings (audio) which were transcribed the next day, and interviews with women, midwives and MCAs, all of which were audio recorded and transcribed (Walsh, 2006). This kind of data collection is suited to the research design (Moore, 2006; Easton et al, 2000). Walsh (2006) describes the analytical process as ‘thematic analysis’ (p 230), using line by line coding which again is an established process for analysing qualitative textual data (Goulding, 2005; Holloway and Jefferson, 2000; Rees, 2003). The thematic analysis process is outlined, and one example of how the researcher arrived at the themes and meanings is provided, which enhances transparency and auditability (Cluett and Bluff, 2006). The author also discusses the process with reference to other literature. However, more detail here would have enhanced this section (Easton et al, 2006). Findings As is fitting for a qualitative paper, the findings are discussed in some detail, under sub-headings which clearly signpost the discussion for the reader and make it easy to read and assimilate the information (Baker, 2006). The author also includes quotes from the textual data to exemplify the discussion (Rees, 2003). The findings are commented upon throughout, and there is an extension exploration of each theme. The themes were: The turn to birth environment and setting Affect of the first visit Nesting responses Vicarious nesting Care as mothering Discussion and Implications for Practice The findings from this paper have clear implications for the understanding of the design and provision of birth locations within the UK maternity services. They also have significance for understanding the nature of midwifery practice, particularly within such a setting. The ‘human’ side of caring was evident, from the behaviours of staff in making the environment positive and supportive, to the behaviours of women and staff during their time in the centre. The discussion section of the paper focuses on two elements of these findings, that of nesting as â€Å"psychosocial safety† (p 235) and â€Å"Psychological safety and ‘matrescence’† (Walsh, 2006 p 236). The author contextualises these findings within the current medical model, demonstrating a level of engagement with women on the part of midwives that goes beyond clinical actions to something more nurturing and much more intimate. The complexities of women’s experiences of birth are continually referred to in the literature, and yet there is little apparent significance paid to these when the overarching concern of ‘live mother and live baby’ is trotted out as the final justification for any kind of maternity care that transgresses women’s preferences or emotional responses. Choices in childbirth are in particular complex, and the kinds of decisions that women make about their birth location, experience and preferences are not only related to their individual preferences and knowledge but to the socially-acquired knowledge and attitudes they have developed, which are significantly affected by obstetric models and concerns over ‘safety’ (Magill-Cuerden, 2006). It is apparent from this article that understanding the psychosocial, emotional and even spiritual dimensions of the birth environment, including the relationship with maternity care providers, provides depth of insight into women’s needs and into what can realistica lly be offered them under that all-encompassing, frequently-touted term ‘support’. Women need to understand the factors that influence their decisions (Magill-Cuerden, 2006), but women and midwives also need to understand the ethical, emotional and relationship dimensions of their ‘matrescence’, the process of becoming a mother (Walsh, 2006). The implications for practice here are significant, because, working in the medical model of care, midwives are often hampered in their ability to provide the psycho-emotional or spiritual aspects of care and nurturing which are highlighted as so significant in this paper. Also, there may be midwives and maternity care assistants who do not have the requisite sensitivity, trust in women and themselves, and emotional intelligence to reach this level of practice. Walsh (2006) cites all-too-family â€Å"unhelpful behaviours† including â€Å"paternalism, being patronising† and â€Å"indifference and fear of intimacy† (p 238). Thus, it can be seen that for many midwives achieving what is described in this paper is not suitable. The anecdotal evidence from clinical midwifery practice is that, in the opinion of many, midwives who can achieve this state work in the community or in birth centres, and those who cannot opt for high risk, centralised maternity care areas in which they either can avoid this level of engagement with the client or are actively discouraged by organisational or ward culture from doing so. Walsh (2006) makes the following recommendation: â€Å"These findings lead me to believe that midwives should seek ways to rehabilitate ‘nurture’ and ‘love’, derivative of matrescence, as familiar childbirth language and as mainstream caring activities in childbirth.† (p 238). However, attention would also need to be paid to the effects on midwives themselves, who may suffer from emotional backlash or even burnout, particularly in the current UK context. This would also have implications for the nature of pre-registration midwifery education in the UK, because it would have to become part of the process of becoming a midwife, and it is much harder to teach abstract aspects of ‘becoming’ than it is to run emergency drills and teach students how to critique research papers. However, if such a paper can be used as evidence to change practice, then it would, overall, be a positive change. Conclusion A critical evaluation of this qualitative paper has highlighted its strengths and weaknesses, in that the author has adhered to principles of qualitative research, has selected a question or area of enquiry which demands a qualitative approach, and has demonstrated an ability to use such research to reflect woman-oriented ways of knowing (Hicks, 1996). There are limitations to the study, one of which is that the author does not really explore its limitations in any great depth, but overall the quality of data analysis, exploration and discussion is such that the lack of detail about basic research principles is eclipsed. The author firmly locates the study within the current context, but could go further in exploring the impact on midwives if such principles do succeed in changing practice. While Cluett and Bluff (2006) state â€Å"practice based on traditional knowledge is no longer acceptable† (p 276, Walsh (2006) has taken ‘traditional knowledge’ and ‘tes ted’ it through a study of one particular birth setting, and provided a reasonable level of evidence (in terms of midwifery care at least) for the benefits of certain underlying principles of what has been discarded by the medical profession as the unimportant emotional side of maternity care. References Austin, W. (2001)Nursing Ethics in an Era of Globalization. Advances in Nursing Science. 24(2) 1-18. Baker, L. (2006) Ten common pitfalls to avoid when conducting qualitative research. British Journal of Midwifery 14 (9) 530-531. Beake, S. and Bick,D. (2007) Maternity services policy: does the rhetoric match the reality? British Journal of Midwifery. 15 (2) 89-93. Cluett, E.R. and Bluff, R. (2006) Principles and Practice of Research in Midwifery Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Eslevier. Cooper, T. (2006) Research ethics committee approval: the good, the bad and the ugly. British Journal of Midwifery 14 (7) 439-440. Cutcliffe, J.R. McKenna, H.P. (1999) Establishing the credibility of qualitative research findings: the plot thickens Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(2), 374-380 Declaration of Helsinki (1964) Available from: http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/helsinki/. Accessed 30-7-08. Devane D., Begley C.M. Clarke M. (2004) How many do I need? Basic principles of sample size estimation Journal of Advanced Nursing 47(3), 297–302 DoH (2001) Governance arrangements for NHS Research Ethics Committees. Available from: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4005727. Accessed 30-7-08. Easton, K, McComish, J.F., Greenberg, R.(2000). Avoiding common pitfalls in qualitative data collection and transcription. Qualitative Health Research 10 (3) 705-707. Elliott, J. (2001) Making Evidence-based Practice Educational . British Educational Research Journal 27 (5) 555 574 . Gerrish, K. Lacey, A. (eds) (2006) The Research Process in Nursing, 5th edition Oxford: Blackwell Science Goulding, C. (2005) â€Å"Grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology.† European Journal of Marketing 39 (3/4) 294-208. Grix, J. (2004) The Foundations of Research Basingstoke: Palgrave. Holliday, A. (2002) Doing and Writing Qualitative Research London: Sage Publications. Hek, G. and Moule, P. (2006) Making Sense of Research (3rd ed) London: Sage Publications Hicks, C.M. (1996) Undertaking Midwifery Research London: Churchill Livingstone. Hollway, W. and Jefferson, T. (2000) Doing Qualitative Research Differently London: Sage Publications. Kearney, M.H. (2001) â€Å"Levels and Applications of Qualitative Research Evidence.† Research in Nursing and Health 24 145-153 Kitson, A., Harvey, G. and McCormack, B. (2000) Enabling the implementation of evidence based practice: a conceptual framework. Quality in Health Care 7 149-158. Magill-Cuerden, J. (2006) Information giving or receiving: helping women make informed choices. British Journal of Midwifery 14 (10) 614. Moore, N. (2006) How To Do Research (3rd ed). London: Facet Publishing. NMC (2004) Code of Professional Conduct Available from www.nmc-uk.org. Accessed 4-8-08. Nuremburg Code (1949) Available from : http://ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/nuremberg.html Accessed 30-7-08. Parahoo, K. (2006)Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Polit, D.F. and Hungler, B.P. (1995 ) Nursing Research: Principles and Methods. (6th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott. RCN (2004) Research Ethics: RCN Guidance for Nurses London: RCN. Rees, C. (2003) Introduction to Research for Midwives Edinburgh: Books for Midwives. Rosswurm, M.A. and Larrabee, J.H. (1999) A model for change to evidence-based practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 31(4) 317-22. Stetler, C.B., Brunell, M., Giuliano, K.K. et al (1998) Evidence-based practice and the role of nursing leadership. Journal of Nursing Administration. 28(7-8) 45-53. Walsh, D.J. (2006) ‘Nesting’ and ‘Matrescence’ as distinctive features of a free-standing birth centre in the UK. Midwifery 22 228-239. Wilkinson, D. (2000) Researchers Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Practitioner Research. London: Routledge.

Race And Religion In The Kite Runner English Literature Essay

Race And Religion In The Kite Runner English Literature Essay After reading the two novels I figured out how people lived with racism all around them in all forms and it only hurts more to know that such people still exist around us. To Kill a Mocking Bird covers various themes which are unified into the moral landscape of a small town. As we go through it slowly and gradually we find out about the good and bad times spent by the people living the era, its hypocrisies, its prejudices and racial discrimination amongst the people of their own kind. A more diversified look is further unified when we take a deeper look into the other novel The Kite Runner also based on the discrepancies in race and religion and the level of thinking between the two, though not blood related but brothers brought up under a same father. Race and religion being the only differences between both beings, apart from that nothing could pull them apart except for God. Racism is a result of human ignorance, social injustice, class differences, love and tension and lack of s elf education. The evidences in both the novels are carefully placed noticing not to hinder the originality of the theme. The novels broaden the readers mind, forcing them to analyze their own racial orthodoxies towards are own fellow beings. Racial discrimination is always considered to be a result of personal upbringing but this is definitely not the case when we look into the deeper side of the novels. In both the novels the author highlights the topic of racism together keeping in mind the basic theory of inhumanity against each other. Race has always been a big issue in all eras. Forming perceptions of ones self against people with different color is not too hard; going through differences and disputes at every stage of life is how people mainly develop racism not because they can inherit it from their parents. By the quote Did you know Hassan and you fed from the same breast? Did you know that, Amir agha? Sakina, her name was. She was fair, blue-eyed Hazara woman from Bhamiyan and she sang you old wedding songs. They say there is a brother hood between people whove fed from the same breast. Did yo u know that? Baba expresses his inner feelings about the two boys living their lives together, telling them that nothing should pull them apart (Hosseini, 64-65). As they have been fed from the same breasts and they share a special brotherhood bond, and brothers have nothing different from each other, no color, no religion, no race, no cast should divide them apart. Racial discrimination and prejudices is highlighted boldly in the novel as well as the quotes, in the novel it definitely does not idealize the black community. It defines the virtues of the Black community which the Whites lack, free from hypocrisies, they are shown to be caring, upright people and humble. Though the blacks are not found to be immoral, but still in certain conditions blacks are the only race which come in limelight of the masses, If a white woman sees two black men walking towards her and turns the other way, shes a racist. Well I got scared and didnt say anything, and the next thing I knew, I had a gun shoved in my head!(Crash,2004). Evidence is incorporated over here where it shows that race is still what matters in most conditions. People have this perception that black or of other ethnic minorities are bad and evil, whatever they do is bad, is against them, in some societies blacks and browns are considered to be thugs and criminals since the day they are born, while on the other side whites are considered to be the most well educated, civilized and morally suited people in the society. The society itself has made it hard for young men/adults of ethnic minority and casts to break free of this stereotype. Class status which had built up to make much of the adults world at that time also involved the young children in both the novels critiquing the moral perplexity of the young children giving evidence to the fact that, even though they were young they still had knew what was going on all around them. Scout being a girl in the novel To Kill a Mocking Bird also understood the scene and had an idea about what was going all around her, in school and in her small town. Social Inequality was practiced with great dedication in both the novels, for example Aunt Alexandra refusing Scout to consort with Walter Cunningham just because the Cunninghams belong at the bottom of the white social scale. The white community in general the Cunninghams are racially prejudiced who leads the angry mob to the jail where Tom Robinson who was accused of raping a girl was kept before his trial. After realizing that he was the one who helped him and his family, he calls off the mob. After that, it is one of the Cunninghams in the jury who supports Atticus delaying the verdict and the Cunninghams were proved to be prejudice, ignorant and violent but there is something about them which makes them deserve respect. A similar contrast is made when the Negroes are shown as a warm close knit community Scout refers to them as a solid mass of colored people. We as a society have gotten so emotionally complicated that we have developed a prevalent selfishness and laziness towards understanding others. It is easier to label someone as a gang-banger, because it dehumanizes them (Crash, 2004). The quote over here from the movie says how easy we have made to racially discriminate someone just to make ourselves feel better. The feeling of degrading someone who is not from the same race as us is overwhelming; the concept of labelling a black person or a person from a different indigenous group has been continued from an era where maybe not even our fathers were born in. Similar to the quotes from the movie, there is a good number of evidences from the novel out of which a few are mentioned here. Hassan is emotionally attached to Amir as a friend and considering him his brother. Hassan puts his life on the line for Amir, winning the kite fight competition was not until Amir returns with the losing kite to Baba in order to do so Hassan puts his l ife on the line not thinking about the consequences he has to face to redeem the kite for Amir. In the process he has to face Assef who physically and mentally abuses him, racially tortures him calling him a flat nosed Hazara. Hassan never did let go of his love and affection for Amir and Baba though Baba and Amir both mistreated him for being a Hazara boy and a low cast boy. Though Baba wanted to show his affection for him, he could only do it indirectly by either taking Hassan out with Amir for drives or paying for his cleft lip surgery. The time has come/to say fairs fair/to pay the rent/to pay our share (Midnight Oil, 1987). These lines taken from the song Beds are Burning, provides us with evidences that try to think from a different perspective of not judging people only by how they look or whats their color is. It says try getting into other peoples skin and pay for the sins that we have made being racists Amir and Baba had committed sins that they tried to redeem being in lo ve with each other. The ink is black, the page is white/Together we learn to read and write/A child is black, a child is white/The whole world looks upon the sight, a beautiful sight/And now a child can understand/That this is the law of all the land, all the land(Three Dog Night,1957). The verses describes prejudice discrimination amongst black and white which have now been surely cleaned off, it says that now black and white will work together no one can be on its own, we all have to work in collaboration with each other. The perception of racial discrimination no longer exists is what the verses portray but in the novel To Kill a Mocking Bird Tom Robinson who is accused of raping a white girl. He represents the mocking bird, innocent, loving and caring trying to make everyone happy just like the mocking bird itself which does not harm anyone but sings beautiful songs makes them happy and heals their wounds. Tom Robinson was just accused for a crime which he did not commit but because he was black and from the minorities the prejudice still continued. Finally racism not only appeals the greater audience but also gives a broader aspect in our current times, but it should not be the way it is. To a great extent lack of self education, ignorance and personal issues all lead to prejudices and racial discrimination. Even though more and more people are being educated every day, more connections are being made all over the world in all walks of life, still discrimination and racism prevails. Ignorant human beings amongst us roam around freely, still practicing the cruel act of racism. Who in my opinion should be punished for the sins they are committing, sins which are definitely their deeds and non-redeemable. Being prejudice or a racist is no one mans job and it is definitely not inherited but the concept is what matter, teachings and ideas from our ancestors about black being bad and white being the good is what is still killing our future generations which are indeed getting ready for this difficult race and fight. To accomplish thi s task our generation and the one coming ahead of us will certainly have to erase the stereotype of being and living in a racist society. All men are same, be they be white, black, brown or yellow all our of one bred, we all have the same rights and we for sure have the same mind, the only difference is the way one thinks and judges the other. If only people could start erasing the differences that are created by lack of self education, ignorance and social injustice.

fitness america :: essays research papers

there are a lot of people who are in great need of papers, and I was not aware that you had to donate a paper just to use a paperAbdomen (Men only) - Horizontal at the level of the navel Waist (Women only) - Horizontal, at the level of minimal abdominal width Hips (Women only) - Largest horizontal circumference around the hips Neck (Both) - Inferior to the larynx with the tape sloping slightly downward to the front. Height (Both) - without shoes here are the measurements that you need to have in order for you to calculate your body fat percentage * From Hodgdon, J. and Beckett, M. Prediction of percent body fat for U.S. navy men and women from body circumferences and height. Reports No. 84-29 and 84-11. Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California 1984 The referring document was: http://www.he.net/~zone/prothd2.html The failed request was: http://www.he.net/~zone/doit.html The requested object does not exist at the specified location. The link you followed is either outdated, inaccurate, or the server has been instructed not to let you have it. File Not Found More than seven years ago ThriveOnline began to bring health and fitness information to the Web. During that time we've built great content, tools, and a loyal community. Now we are moving our content to new locations -- the Health and Fitness, Self Discovery and Parenting and Pregnancy areas of our parent brand, Oxygen.com -- and you are being redirected to those areas now. Ways to connect and stay healthy will still be available to you on our web message boards and our web chat rooms. You will need to register when first participating, but one registration works for all Oxygen.com boards and chats. We hope that you will join us and continue to find great information and inspiration on Oxygen.com. Although the location is changed our commitment to living well and staying healthy remains the same. Thank you for staying with us and supporting our growth. And most of all, we thank you for making ThriveOnline, and now Oxygen.com your personal health resource. Thanks for your support, ThriveOnline

The Good Earth :: Essays Papers

The Good Earth I was in a complete daze after reading Pearl S. Buck’s remarkable novel, The Good Earth. It was somewhat hard not to stop what I was doing afterwards and try to put myself in the characters’ shoes and visualize everything that happened in the book. I was so taken by the plot that I remember not wanting to put down the book till I knew what happened next in one of the conflicts in the story. Considering my reaction to it when I first got the book and my reaction to it now, you would really think it’s ironic. First of all I wasn’t quite happy when I found out about the reading we had to do and obviously not looking forward to reading having to squeeze it in my hectic after school schedule. I remember when I was at the bookstore and saw how thick of a book it was I thought to myself, â€Å"Great...here’s another long boring book.† But after reading it I eventually proved myself wrong and found out it was well worth reading it all the way thro ugh the last page. Pearl S. Buck did an outstanding job on the book’s vivid description of the characters, emphasizing the importance of Wang Lung’s land, and its sense of dramatic reality. The way the characters are described in the book you can really picture in your mind who they are. It’s very important to be able to visualize them because it helps you get to know them better as characters and have a better understanding of the book. One vivid description is O-lan’s, Wang Lung’s wife. â€Å"Wang Lung turned to the woman and looked at her for the first time. She had a square, honest face, a short, broad nose with large black nostrils, and her mouth was wide as a gash in her face. Her eyes were small and of a dull black color, and were filled with some sadness that was not clearly expressed. It was a face that seemed habitually silent and unspeaking, as though it could not speak if it would.† (p.19) As I was reading this I got the impression that O-lan would be a faithful wife to Wang Lung and it turned out I was right. The fact that she wasn’t beautiful didn’t matter at all. She served her family well. Another meaningful desc ription is Lotus’, Wang Lung’s first mistress, which has an irony to it if you compare it to O-lan’s.

Psychology Essays -- Wundt, Descartes, Watson

Psychology is the investigation of the mind and how it processes and directs our thoughts, actions and conceptions. However, in 1879 Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Nevertheless, the origins of psychology go all the way back thousands of years starting with the early Greeks. This foundation is closely connected to biology and philosophy; and especially the subfields of physiology which is the study of the roles of living things and epistemology, which is the study of comprehension and how we understand what we have learned. The connection to physiology and epistemology is often viewed as psychology, which is the hybrid offspring of those two fields of investigation. It was not until the later part of the 19th century that psychology would emerge as a science. Rene Descartes, a famous French philosopher, contributed a major work to the development of psychology. Descartes presented his theory of dualism as a response to the body and mind conflict between scholars (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). According to Descartes, humans are made up of two dimensions: body and mind. Before the body mind concept, it was believed that humans thought with their souls (Wozniak, 1995). Descartes also believed that humans had tendencies of a mechanism but are different from animals because of the ability to think and reason. His perception of humans led to the theory of dualism. The dualism theory contended that the humans mind is a separate function form the body. However, the mind and soul work in unison in the brain, through the pineal gland to create human behavior. The mind was considered to develop and use innate ideas and derived ideas. Essentially, Descartes ca me to the conclusion tha... ...nd getting the information when necessary. A significant thought is information processing, which takes place in a sequence of steps. The information processing theorist’s method of learning is primarily by way of the study of memory. Presently, because of the hybrid heritage, psychology is not thought over as one of the social sciences such as sociology, economic science, government science, and cultural anthropology. Psychology is viewed as an ally to the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, laws of nature, and mathematics (Thornton, 2009). Psychology is also seen as humanities, which are philosophy, human speeches, music and art. Most psychologists join forces on research and other conceptions with intellectuals and scientists in distinctive fields. This adds to the diversity of interests, which can be seen in the modern psychology department. Psychology Essays -- Wundt, Descartes, Watson Psychology is the investigation of the mind and how it processes and directs our thoughts, actions and conceptions. However, in 1879 Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany. Nevertheless, the origins of psychology go all the way back thousands of years starting with the early Greeks. This foundation is closely connected to biology and philosophy; and especially the subfields of physiology which is the study of the roles of living things and epistemology, which is the study of comprehension and how we understand what we have learned. The connection to physiology and epistemology is often viewed as psychology, which is the hybrid offspring of those two fields of investigation. It was not until the later part of the 19th century that psychology would emerge as a science. Rene Descartes, a famous French philosopher, contributed a major work to the development of psychology. Descartes presented his theory of dualism as a response to the body and mind conflict between scholars (Schultz & Schultz, 2008). According to Descartes, humans are made up of two dimensions: body and mind. Before the body mind concept, it was believed that humans thought with their souls (Wozniak, 1995). Descartes also believed that humans had tendencies of a mechanism but are different from animals because of the ability to think and reason. His perception of humans led to the theory of dualism. The dualism theory contended that the humans mind is a separate function form the body. However, the mind and soul work in unison in the brain, through the pineal gland to create human behavior. The mind was considered to develop and use innate ideas and derived ideas. Essentially, Descartes ca me to the conclusion tha... ...nd getting the information when necessary. A significant thought is information processing, which takes place in a sequence of steps. The information processing theorist’s method of learning is primarily by way of the study of memory. Presently, because of the hybrid heritage, psychology is not thought over as one of the social sciences such as sociology, economic science, government science, and cultural anthropology. Psychology is viewed as an ally to the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, laws of nature, and mathematics (Thornton, 2009). Psychology is also seen as humanities, which are philosophy, human speeches, music and art. Most psychologists join forces on research and other conceptions with intellectuals and scientists in distinctive fields. This adds to the diversity of interests, which can be seen in the modern psychology department.

The worst birthday ever

The Worst Birthday Ever Vive had my fair-share of bad birthdays, but there Is one that tops them all by a long shot. In order to understand the happenings in the story to come, you must know a few things. My younger brother, Austin, had been sick a few days prior to this particular day. Austin had a high fever, a cough, and a drippy nose. Worst, or best of all, depending on how you look at it, he was constantly sleeping! By nature, my mother was worried about him. She was constantly giving her attention to him, if she wasn't working.On February 18, 2008, I woke up finally as an eight year old! I was so excited that it was my birthday and to get the extra attention. My eyes opened and I immediately thought of the cake, the presents, the attention, the birthday wishes, the money, and the food. I got up and went to the computer room. My mom was on the mall computer working while my brother was lying on a padded bench, wrapped In a blanket, sleeping. I walked In and no one said a word to me; â€Å"How dare they! † I thought. I didn't say anything and just walked over, to the spare computer, to play my favorite game, Virtual Knee Surgery.It felt like I had been on the computer for hours! I finally got up to go to the bathroom. I opened the door to see my older sister, Cattail, finally awake, sitting on the toilet. I quickly shut the door. I had to go to the bathroom so bad; I thought I was going to explode. I was waiting so long that I didn't even have to go anymore. I finally walked back to computer room. I got back on my game. Not even ten minutes went by, when, BAM! It happened. I heard a slight moaning noise coming from my brother's direction. I Immediately looked up at my, sick, little, brother and saw the Image that I can't forget no matter owe hard I try.He was shaking violently. He spitting, drooling, and even foaming at the mouth like a rabid dog. His eyes were indeed opened, but his pupils were certainly not present. His eyes had rolled to the back of his head. His skin turned a bluish color. He had saliva all over his face and chest. I had been looking at him for a solid three minutes before he got loud enough for my mom to hear. I was frozen in place with my mouth open, starring in terror. I had no clue what was going on. He couldn't talk or even breathe. I remember thinking, â€Å"Oh no, not on my birthday! My mom finally looked over and freaked out.She shook him gently for a few seconds. He wouldn't budge. He wouldn't respond to anything she said. She grabbed him and carried him Into the bathroom. My sister and I sat In the doorway and watched as she ran cold water over his head. He was still shaking and foaming. My mom told us to call 91 1 and then told us what to tell them. We Immediately ran to phone. She picked up the phone and dialed 911. While it rang we fought over who got to talk to the 911 operator. I was extremely ringing and a lady answered the phone. My sister immediately yelled, â€Å"My brother is yin! Afte r the lady asked my sister a few questions she put the phone down. We waited maybe two minutes before the paramedics showed up. The walked in and went straight to the bathroom. They handled everything and got my brother under control. Later that night we left the house for my birthday dinner. I was excited to finally have the attention on myself. Nope. We got there and all the attention was on my brother. I had to sit at the end of the table while my brother sat at the front of the table getting my attention. Needless to say, that was my worst birthday ever!

Humanism during renaissance

Renaissance is a term used to describe ‘rebirth' (in French), which began in Italy in late middle age and then spread to other parts of Europe. During the Renaissance people to question the Scholastic methods of that time and their questioning resulted as the birth of humanism. Humanism goes along with secularism in the sense that it makes humans beings, not God, the centre of attention. People began to do things because they enjoyed them rather than for God's glory. It was responsible for the change in the medieval education system, emphasizing on rational and racial thinking.Humanism emphasizes on the importance of knowledge, as well as on the potential of the individual and civil responsibility. This concept of humanism became the core of renaissance style. It was in this age that people began to reason and think rationally. Even the term used for the Renaissance philosophers, ‘humanists', shows how the focus of the people's attention had shifted from Heaven and God to this world and human beings. Individualism takes humanism a step further by saying that individual humans were capable of great accomplishments.Renaissance philosophers saw humans as intelligent creatures capable of reasoning (and questioning the authority) rather than being mindless pawns helplessly manipulated by God. Humanism profoundly affected the artist community and how artists themselves were perceived. The medieval mind viewed artists as humble servants whose talent and ability were meant to honor God. This is evident in the work of medieval artists adoring churches and cathedrals. Renaissance artists, in contrast, were trained intellectuals – well versed in the classical and mathematical principles.And the art that they created reflected this newfound perspective. In art, linear and aerial perspective developed and artists considered their canvases to be windows to the natural world. Their task became to portray the natural world as realistically as possible. Renai ssance art portrayed the human body as a thing of beauty in its own right and not like a medieval comic strip character whose only reason to exist was for the glory of God. People were often conceived as nudes covered in real fabric rather than the medieval concept of clothes with a head and ands showing.Painters eliminated extra features and details so that the viewer's attention would focus on the theme of the painting rather than be distracted by details. Paintings became balanced and started to express emotions. During the middle age, saints in paintings wore halos around their heads; saints would also look larger in size than the humans. As humanism became popular the size of the saints began to look more human, halos became fainter and then eventually disappeared. The media of art evolved as well. Early paintings were usually done with egg tempera, which dried fast and created a flat rough surface.Oil paint was introduced in the early 1 5th century, and became immensely popula r as it dried slowly and was translucent, allowing light to shine through the paintings. Humanism freed remarkable individuals and geniuses such as Leonardo ad Vinci to live up to their potential without being held back by the medieval society that discouraged innovation. Other ways in which individualism is seen during Renaissance is that the artists started signing their paintings, thus showing individualistic pride in their work.During the Renaissances, architects trained as humanists helped raise the status of their profession from skilled laborers to artists. Renaissance architecture shows clarity as it emphasizes on clean lines, geometrical shapes, symmetry, and was very systematical. When comparing the Gothic architecture and the renaissance architecture, the Renaissance architecture seems to be more practical in terms of height, and spacing. As in the classical world, Renaissances architecture is characterized by harmonious form, mathematical proportion, and a unit of measur ement based on human scale.Patrician man The drawing is based on the ideal human proportions with geometry described by the ancient Roman architect Vitreous. He describes the human as the principal source of proportion among the classical orders of architect. The image of the man exemplifies the blend of art and science during the Renaissances. An example of the proportions found in the Patrician man – The drawing the length of the outspread arm is equal to the height of a man, from the hairline to the bottom of the chin is one tenth of the height of the man, and from below the chin to the top of the head is one eight of the heights of the man form.Above the chest to the top of the head is one- sixth of the height of the man form and from above the chest to the hair line is one – seventh of the height of the man. The maximum width of the shoulder is a quarter of the height of the man. Temple fronts. His keen understanding and observation of classical architecture is al so seen in the Church of Santa' Andrea in Mantra. The columns in this building are not used decoratively but functional as lord bearing support. For Albert', architecture was not Just creating building but to give a meaning.

Personal Learning Profile Essay

B. How I Use First, Use as Needed, or Avoid Sequence (Write a paragraph of four to five sentences describing the degree to which you use this Pattern.) Sequence is a routine of my life, I use it lot weather it is good or bad. I feel the need to follow a plan. I also need to have a clear explanation of what I’m expected to do. At work I am usually the one that needs to write out a plan of how am going to execute it before doing so than follow up with consist review of instruction to make sure accurate. These sometimes becomes very time consuming as I am always needing more time to ensure I get things done right the first time around. I cannot relax or focus on other things when everything is in chaotic. I feel  cutter anything equals to clutter mind. Being organized is one step I think necessary in becoming a successful student. C. How I Use First, Use as Needed, or Avoid Precision (Write a paragraph of four to five sentences describing the degree to which you use this Pattern.) Precision another pattern I use first. I tend to have the need to have the correct information. I do not like making mistakes and I ask a lot of questions in order to obtain more information. I like it when I am given detailed answers about what is going on. I with anything give to me I immediately jumped onto the internet to search for additional information to learn and better understand. In school tend to the most because of learning disability it has driven me to always not want to make mistakes and if I can avoid it by asking questions that will give me the information why not. D. How I Use First, Use as Needed, or Avoid Technical Reasoning (Write a paragraph of four to five sentences describing the degree to which you use this Pattern.) Technical reasoning I use as needed to figure things out alone but do not avoid interactions with others. I do not like people to tell me how to do things or how to fix it. I like to figure it out myself if gives me a sense of accomplishment. I would say that I am pretty good with figuring out most things and will navigate through it until; I have learned how to use it. How I Use First, Use as Needed, or Avoid Confluence (Write a paragraph of four to five sentences describing the degree to which you use this Pattern.) I use Confluence as needed ad I like exploring new things, new ideas, and new places. When it comes down to it I like to do new things it excites me and interest me .I like to learn more and that is just in everyday life whether it be a new way to cook something or visiting new places. I am not a big risk taker though. I will only take risk when the outcome outweighs it. I function with rely of being in certain pattern and schedule.

Marketing Interface with other Functional Areas

Marketing's Relationship with other Functions Functions within an organizationThe marketing function within any organization does not exist in isolation. Therefore it's important to see how marketing connects with and permeates other functions within the organization†¦. marketing interacts with research and development, production/operations/logistics, human resources, IT and customer service.Research and developmentResearch and development is the engine within an organization which generates new ideas, innovations and creative new products and services. For example cell phone/mobile phone manufacturers are in an industry that is ever changing and developing, and in order to survive manufacturers need to continually research and develop new software and hardware to compete in a very busy marketplace. Think about cell phones that were around three or four years ago which are now completely obsolete. The research and development process delivers new products and is continually inn ovating.Innovative products and services usually result from a conscious and purposeful search for innovation opportunities which are found only within a few situations.Peter Drucker (1999)Research and development should be driven by the marketing concept. The needs of consumers or potential consumers should be central to any new research and development in order to deliver products that satisfy customer needs (or service of course). The practical research and development is undertaken in central research facilities belonging to companies, universities and sometimes to countries.Marketers would liaise with researchers and engineers in order to make sure that customer needs are represented.  Manufacturing processes themselves could also be researched and developed based upon some aspects of the marketing mix. For example logistics (place/distribution/channel) could be researched in order to deliver products more efficiently and effectively to customers.Production/operations/logisti csAs with research and development, the operations, production and logistics functions within business need to work in cooperation with the marketing department.Operations include many other activities such as warehousing, packaging and distribution. To an extent, operations also includes production and manufacturing, as well as logistics. Production is where goods and services are generated and made. For example an aircraft is manufactured in a factory which is in effect how it is produced i.e. production. Logistics is concerned with getting the product from production or warehousing, to retail or the consumer in the most effective and efficient way. Today logistics would include warehousing, trains, planes and lorries as well as technology used for real-time tracking.Obviously marketers need to sell products and services that are currently in stock or can be made within a reasonable time limit. An unworkable scenario for a business is where marketers are attempting to increase sal es of a product whereby the product cannot be supplied. Perhaps there is a warehouse full of other products that our marketing campaign is ignoring.Human resourcesHuman Resource Management (HRM) is the function within your organization which overlooks recruitment and selection, training, and the professional development of employees. Other related functional responsibilities include well-being, employee motivation, health and safety, performance management, and of course the function holds knowledge regarding the legal aspects of human resources.So when you become a marketing manager you would use the HR department to help you recruit a marketing assistant for example. They would help you with scoping out the job, a person profile, a job description, and advertising the job. HR would help you to score and assess application forms, and will organise the interviews. They may offer to assist at interview and will support you as you make your job offer. You may also use HR to organise a n induction for your new employee. Of course there is the other side of the coin, where HR sometimes has to get tough with underperforming employees. These are the operational roles of HR.Your human resources Department also have a strategic role., human resources sees people as a valuable asset to the organization. they assist with a global approach to managing people and help to develop a workplace culture and environment which focuses on mission and values.They also have an important communications role, and this is one aspect of their function which is most closely related to marketing. For example the HR department may run a staff development programme which needs a newsletter or a presence on your intranet. This is part of your internal marketing effort.IT (websites, intranets and extranets)As marketers we are concerned with how technology is used to treat information i.e. how we get information, how we process it, how we store the information, and then how we disseminate it a gain by voice, image or graphics. Obviously this is a huge field but for our part we need to recognise the importance of websites, intranets and extranets to the marketer.A website is an electronic object which is placed onto the Internet. Often websites are used by businesses for a number of reasons such as to provide information to customers. So customers can interact with the product, customers can buy a product, more importantly customers begin to build a  long-term relationship with the marketing company. Information Technology underpins and supports the basis of Customer Relationship Management (CRM),An intranet is an internal website. An intranet is an IT supported process which supplies up-to-date information to employees of the business and other key stakeholders. For example European train operators use an intranet to give up-to-date information about trains to people on the ground supporting customers. An extranet is an internal website which is extended outside the org anization, but it is not a public website. An extranet takes one stage further and provides information directly to customers/distributors/clients. Customers are able to check availability of stock and could check purchase prices for a particular product. For example a car supermarket could check availability of cars from a wholesaler.Customer service provisionCustomer service provision is very much integrated into marketing., customer service takes the needs of the customer as the central driver. customer service function revolves around a series of activities which are designed to facilitate the exchange process by making sure that customers are satisfied.Today customer service provision can be located in a central office or actually in the field where the product is consumed. For example you may call a software manufacturer for some advice and assistance. You may have a billing enquiry. You might even wish to cancel a contract or make changes to it. The customer service provision might be automated, it could be done solely online, or you might speak to a real person especially if you have a complex or technical need.Customer service is supported by IT to make the process of customer support more efficient and effective, and to capture and process data on particular activities. So the marketer needs to make sure that he or she is working with the customer service provision since it is a vital customer interface. The customer service provision may also provide speedy and timely information about new or developing customer needs. For example if you have a promotion which has just been launched you can use thebcustomer service functions to help you check for early signs of success.Finance departmentThe marketing department will need to work closely with the finance department to ensure that: There is an adequate budget to meet the needs for research, promotion and distribution. The finance department has a whole organisation brief to ensure that all the busines s operates within its financial capabilities. They will want all departments to work within their allocated budgets.Like all departments, marketing may wish to overspend if profitable marketing opportunities emerge over the year. The marketing department is likely to concentrate on sales volume and building market share, while the finance department may be more focused on cash flow, covering costs and paying back investment as quickly as possible. The Marketing-Finance approach has been helpful to understand better the impact of the crisis on firms and at the same time provide tools for firms to respond to the crisis so that firms can turn it (at macro level) into an opportunity for the firm to create value.